African Reaction to Colonialism Through Resistance and Collaboration Essay

By the end of World War I, most of Africa had been effectively colonized. European compoundists had managed to quell the efforts by Africans to thrust the establishment of compound rule. The next both decades, the period historians c all told the inter-war years, were relatively quiet years in compound Africa. This relative quiet, however, did not indicate that the colonized people of Africa were happy with compound rule-that there was no rivalry to colonialism.During the inter-war years competition to colonialism was expressed in one of the following forms Demands for opportunity and inclusion Many Africans at this metre fancyed the reality of colonial rule but they did not accept the harsh discrimination and the lack of opportunity that was a central authority of the colonial experience. Opposition to these aspects of colonialism was particularly muscular among educated Africans.Educated Africans believed that all humans are created equal. Discriminatory colonial policies a nd practice restricted frugal opportunities and participation in the political process. During this period, educated Africans formed organizations to promote their interest for an end to discriminatory policies and for an increase in opportunities. However, these organizations had limited membership, and they did not fall in radical demands for the end of colonial rule. The South African National intercourse and the West African National Congress (Nigeria/Ghana) are role models of elite African organizations.Religious opposition A function of the early anti-colonial up-risings featured in the last section were led by religious leaders. The Chimurenga (Zimbabwe) and Maji-Maji (Tanganyika) uprisings were led by African priests who were strongly opposed to colonial rule. This tradition of religious opposition to colonialism continued throughout the 20th century. However, unlike the earlier acts of religious resistance, the impertinent opposition was led by African Christians.Afr ican Christians took seriously the Christian teachings on equality and fairness-values that were not practiced by colonial regimes. By the 1920s, some African Christian leaders were forming their own churches, sometimes called African Independent Churches. These churches that were formed in Southern, Eastern, Central and West Africa, provided a strong voice for justice. One of many examples is the Kimbaguist Christian Church formed in the Congo by Simon Kimbangu in the 1920s.In spite of Kimbangus enslavement for many years by the Belgians, the Kimbanguist church grew rapidly. When the Congo became independent in 1960, the church had a membership of over one million. Economic opposition During this time period economic opposition was often not puff up organized. However, there were attempts in the 1920s and 1930s by mine workers in southern Africa and port workers in West and East Africa to organize into unions. turn important, these activities had little relate on the majority o f African peoples.Of greater impact were the less organized but more widespread efforts of African farmers to resist colonial demands on their labor and their land. Module Nine African Economies provides an example of how small scale African farmers in Mali quietly, but effectively, resisted the attempts by colonial officials to control the production of cotton. Mass protests During the inter-war era, there were few mass protests against colonial policies. One of the most important and interesting exceptions was the Aba Womens War that took signal in southeastern Nigeria in 1929.Ibo market women were upset with a number of colonial policies that threatened their economic and social position. In 1929, the women staged a series of protests. The largest protest included more than 10,000 women who had covered their faces with blue winder and carried fern-covered sticks. The women were able to destroy a number of colonial buildings before soldiers stop the protest, killing more than fi fty women in the process. Not surprisingly in contemporary Nigeria, the Aba Women are considered to be national heroes