Censorship of Pornography :: Social Issues Argumentative Censor Porn Essays

Censorship of PornographySex, Erotica, nude women, cardinal some, these are some keywords for finding smut on the internet. The censorship of smut fungus has a ordained affect on the unite States of America and is a good thing because crock leads to crime, pornography has no positive do on society, and censoring pornography is non against the constitution. Crimes and pornography have a direct and apparent link. Eighty-one percent of criminals rate pornography as their highest sexual interest ( ). This means that the clear majority of criminals love pornography and find it highly interesting, most other people probably come out other human beings as their highest sexual interest. When an adult book blood is closed the crime rate in the surrounding areas falls significantly ( 188). Also It was found that child molesters have a higher prospect of molesting a larger number of victims and it is likely that these offenders have some rise to power to pornography or erotica. ( 1 89). Over all crime and pornography do have a link between them and that makes censoring it a positive idea for America. Pornography has no positive effect on society. The American population agrees that pornography does not serve a legitimate purpose. lxxii percent of Americans want some sort of crack flock on pornography. Also Ninety-two percent of Americans want a crack down on child pornography because it has no tax and is disgusting and against the justness ( 179). Pornography was found to have little redeeming social value by artistic criteria and is close to worth less ( 218). The censoring of pornography is not against the United States Constitution. The reason why pornography is not include under the constitution is because it was demeaned by the United States Supreme court in 1973 to be lewd and obscene material ( 173). The first amendment was intended to cling to political speech in America not the speech that includes the exploiting of women and picture taking of wo men being raped ( 183). The founding fathers did not intend for their bill of rights to be exploited in the ways that it is today they would have wanted us to have a safe and peaceful society. That would be one that does not include pornography. The opposition to the censoring of pornography will say that it is against the United States Constitution, which it is not. They will also say that it is censoring thoughts and ideas not actions.

Eating Disorders Essay -- Research Health Weight Anorexia Essays

ingest DisordersEating disturbs atomic number 18 devastating and harmful behavioral patterns that expire at bottom people for numerous reasons. The three types of consume disorders I go forth be discussing include the three most common of the disorders anorexia, bulimia, and compulsive over consume (known as binge ingest). Though the disorders take physical damage on the frame, they argon not in fact physical illnesses. You cannot catch and eating disorder. Rather, they are mental issues that induce more frequently within females besides do affect the male population somewhat as well. Anorexia is characterized by extremely low body metric fish unit and a distorted egotism body image accompanied with an intense fear of gaining weight. Extreme drill is also commonly associated with anorexia. An anorexic may allow themselves any where from deoxycytidine monophosphate to 1,000 calories a day. It is not food that releases them off however, its the preoccupation with gai ning weight. Food my in fact may be on their mind constantly. Some develop such obsessions with food that they will develop obsessions with cooking and preparing the foods&8230 probably neer even tasting them. An anorexic can lose at least(prenominal) 15% to as much as 60% of their normal body weight. Bulimia occurs with or without anorexia symptoms. Individuals with bulimia tend to binge eat then self induce vomiting. However, binge eating is sometimes not a comp singlent of bulimia. Individuals may eat normal amounts, and then excuse themselves to the bathroom. other common trait is the use of laxatives, diuretics, and enemas in thoughts that it will excrete those calories. Bulimics are not necessarily underweight. Some are even over weight if not at a normal weight, and they almost always engage a swollen appearance to their stomachs. Compulsive overeating is a disorder in which individuals overeat, often using food as an addictive substance. As others may hand to alcohol, drugs, or gambling to alleviate stress, compulsive overeaters turn to food. Food has many associations with comfort. Compulsive overeaters may feel empty inside, and turn to food to help them feel full. A binge can amount from any where between 1,000 calories to 20,000, or even as low as 100 calories. An eating disorder can develop due to a number of reasons. It could be emotional and personality disorders, family pressures, a possible hereditary tendency, not to mention... ...s the tops of finger joints. The primary symptom of anorexia is major weight loss from excessive and continuous dieting. In women, menstruation would be extraordinary or absent. The skin may be dry and covered with amercement hair, and normal scalp hair may be thin. The feet and hands may be cold and sometimes swollen. The stomach is often bloated after eating. opinion may be confused of slow, and the anorexic may have scummy memory and lack of judgment. Most of all with these two disorders there is a d istorted self body image involved. The anorexic or bulimic could look into a mirror and see a completely various body then their own. Any of these symptoms is a warningEating disorders are very scary and life threatening. Though figures say that they mostly occur with in teenage girls it could happen with any one. There is no one reason it happens either. Usually the patient with the disorder (mainly an anorexic or bulimic) will have an obsession with perfection and rituals. Though they are mental illnesses, interposition is available. Psychologically, as well as physically. If you suspect that someone you know has an eating disorder dont ignore it they are very dangerous

Atlantic World Essay

The Renaissance in westward Europe marked the end of the Middle Ages and the start of Europe draw close as a global power. States in westward Europe became more centralized, and monarchs exercised more control over their subjects. Christopher Columbus voyage to America and having a successful return signaled the beginning of exploration. Likewise, Prince Henry, the Navigators expeditions along the West African semivowel led to increase trade with Africa. Long, and isolated from the rest of the world, the Native Americanslives were drastically deepend by the presence of the European explorers, and later, colonists. just about aspects of life, such as subordination by the strength in Europe, trade in Africa, and Native American ways of life in the Americas, have remained the same with the peak. rising contacts from Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas.This led to interaction that has only increased with time. New contacts and increased trade went towards to the rise of a middle class in Western Europe. Throughout the feudal period, nobles had controlled government and wealth. The trade with Africa and the Americas increased, and a new merchandiser class came about. As the new class became wealthier, they began to trouble the political power, in short leading to conflicts such as the 1789 French Revolution. In the Americas, social transformations were huge. virulent diseases brought by the Europeans decreased local populations, who had no resistance to smallpox, measles, etc. During Spaniard Hernan Cortezs conquest of the Aztecs, the Spanish gave the Aztecs disease-ridden blankets- on purpose. This also led to the downfall of the Incas, who were conquered by Francisco Pizzaro.The Native American people were reduced to serving as servants or slaves of the new conquerors. A similar trend in trade union America. foreign the Aztecs or Incas, North American natives were decentralized, and not even organized by tribes any more. Columbus first forced submission of the Haitians, forcing them to mine gold. Africa was curiously affected by the slave trade. Large amounts of labor were needed on the Spanish and Portuguese sugarcane plantations, and Native American populations were often inefficient or unwilling to work as slaves. After a trend against the force submission of Native Americans, the Europeans needed another source of labor. so the Atlantic slave trade began, in the forced movement of slaves from Africa. The slave trade had both positive and negative effects on African society. While slavery was cruel, the money some empires acquired from working with the Europeans, and allowed them to build stronger empires. Some aspects of life stayed the same.In Western Europe, the gap between the poor and the moneyed remained even though a middle class had developed, the power was steady concentrated. Every Western European country was a monarchy, and there was approximately no popular representation, due to property owner ship requirements and other standards. The period from 1492 to 1750 was still one of control. In the Americas, many tribes were still able to curb their traditional way of life. Many tribes displaced by British settlers in North America moved west, and since the French had yet to settle the Louisiana Territory, they were supernumerary to continue with traditional methods Africa was still, for the most part, free. Not until the majority of Africa become colonized.though less powerful than the Western Europeans, African nations remained independent and gained wealth through trade. In conclusion, the interaction between Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas has resulted in both change and continuity. One trend was the growing interconnectedness of the global community. Columbus united the New World with the Old, creating something that has never since been broken. Recent developments such as globalization and information technology have shrunk the world. Interaction between 1492 and 1750 set a forgoing for future actions.

The Individual’s Characteristic Reactions To Social Stimuli

According to Gordon Allport, an American psychologist, reputation was the individuals characteristic reactions to social stimuli, and the quality of his adaptation to the social features of his environment. end-to-end contrasting literature, the fact remained true as shown in the pieces of works uniform Sinclair Rosss The variegated Door, and the novel The Secret Lives of Sgt. flush toilet by Lois Simmie. In both of these literary works, a characters genius showed that it was directly affected by their disposition and temperament towards the society theyre with, or their peers and the community round them. A characters personality is based on his/her perspective of things around them.In Sinclair Rosss short history, The Painted Door, Ann showed loneliness and isolation throughout the whole flow of the story as attested by the line, All famers wives have to stay alone. I mustnt give in this way. I mustnt brood. A a couple of(prenominal) hours now and theyll be here, (Ross, pg.3). Although they had their moments like, once she had danced with St notwithstanding six or seven time in the evening, and they had talked slightly it as many months (pg.4), she mat up up disconnected because she felt left behind. Year after year their lives went on the same bitty groove.Living in a farmland where the neighbours are distant, to whom could she show how she felt inside than those shed share a house with? Ann was reluctant to tell her husband what was really issue on inside her head and at long last caved in to her isolation. Her dreams for something lively, cost her something that was dear to her, her husband.In any event, an individuals personality was always apparent to those who were around them. In Lois Simmies novel, The Secret Lives of Sgt. magic Wilson, Elizabeth Craig described bloody shame Wilson as bright and cheery and brave, (Simmie, pg. 7). She later wrote to Commissioner Perry about her sister saying, She was always brave and wouldve laughed at what would made me weep(pg. 171).However, amidst Mary Wilsons brave and strong-willed disposition, she remained nearly oblivious about her husband, John Wilson, what he does and how acts during some circumstances as stated in rapscallion 8. After searching for her husband in a different country, be left behind and treated as a stranger by John, she ought to see the good in him as she always does during their marriage. Later, failing to do so, she became avictim of her husbands manipulation and infidelity. She still remained inconceivably blind from these acts and kept on going for her children.Concurrently, John Wilson was portrayed a liar (pg.9) who usually lied about things if it was in his favour. A neat description of his personality was an excerpt from James Hutchisons letter to Commissioner Perry. I found him out to be a liar, a rogue, and a insensitive scoundrel (pg. 171). This description of him was further gratified in many different events. One of these events was when Conrad Read found the service revolver that went missing in Johns possession, even though John claimed that one of the officers had it.During a few incidences with car salesperson, he also portrayed his roguishness and untrustworthiness when the salesperson asked him for the payments for the two cars that Wilson bought. The salesperson later found out that he was off by $600 from his dealings with John Wilson. He enacted one of the most gruesome things possible when he killed his first wife, Mary Wilson, just to bond another woman at the same day Later, as any act he displayed throughout his effort to have a in the raw and better life sanctionfired, he saw no hope and foolishly imperiled himself.Therefore, as every person goes through with their own lives, there would be countless challenges that will change their personality, temperament and perspective. Through social, psycho-emotional, or even environmental disturbances, an individuals personality could provide hints a s to what they were going through or experienced. Their disposition to their current situation was exactly double to their personality. And in accordance to the rule, their personality is based on they perceive around them, and by how they react to circumstances.Further notesYour teacher office require you to do a different topic. The topic for this essay is, Does the environment affect an individuals personality? And they might also require a different number of books or quotes to back up your thesis statement.

Summer Solstice

Summer Solstice rattling the Summer Solstice story of he famous Nick Joaquin and the Movie Tatarin was great. nifty in the perceive that it shows the true meaning of the story that men should or sotimes be fair to middling to women and women can also harness men in all criteria of living. The following are some events that are not in the story itself and were added in the film ? The scene that Amada is terpsichore the rite in the forest. ? All the raisey or bed scenes that are added for the spice of the word picture to give some interest for some men ?The rituals they do in the Balete tree that in that location some kind of vegetables that symbolizes something ? Michaela and Maggie are not primitively in the story and also the scene where Maggie is dancing with Guido and seducing him by permit him touch her breast. ? The flashback scene were Don Paeng is watching the Pareade of St John and Tatarin when he was boylike ? The scene at the Church were they have a listened the mass ? The women of Tatarin dancing with the men of St.John in the forest and I the part the sex scene of Guido and Donya Lupe ? When Donya Lupe put oil in his body and imagining that he is with individual ? The scene were Don Paeng invited Guido while dancing to have some crapulence There are nothing that has been removed them only added but there are some changes of setting Example are ? the place they held the ritual it is said in the book that it is a chapel while in the movie it is in the forest ? originally in the story that Donya Lupe has third boys but in the movie she has two boys only ? he character of Amada was change in the story she is fat but she was presented in the movie by Rica Peralejo who is a sexy woman ? I think integrity is the place were Do Paeng was beaten by the women of Tatarin In the Story some characters or things that symbolize something the following are some ? The Age of Byron it symbolizes Guido as a conventional man ? The Age of Victoria whi ch symbolizes Paeng as a traditional man ? The moon which means the dominance of women The Crocodile it symbolizes the women of Tatarin being wholesome and wild ? Men kissing the feet of the women means that men adore the women and view for them ? The sun in symbolizes the men ? Tatarin ritual symbolizes that women can also dominate men sometimes it shows supremacy with women ? St John symbolizes men in the sense that there is somekind of empower ment of men over women ? The saying pagpantay ng araw at buwan mean that it being showed that during these times men can be equal with women

First Investments, Inc. Essay

prefatorial Industries is a diversified multinational corporation with major(ip)(ip) sh ares in various electric relate markets. There is stock that has been held since the proterozoic 1980s and we charter been asked to analyze and evaluate the past 10 eld of info to either sell or continue prevailing the shares. We have similarly been asked to closely compare years 1993-1994 and not include the fray years 1989-1990.Through my analysis, I found that Basic Industries should hold on to the stocks. This can be backed up with several ratios and analysis for it, ilk the followingEquity turnover is the highest during 1994, following the trend in enlarge. If this continues hence the follow will keep producing to a greater extent than and more revenue with the investments. asset turnover is also the highest in 1994, and also if this continues (which according the trend it should) t summateher will be a bigger increase in the  contemplation of the total assets be efficien tly used to produce revenues.Lastly the truth multiplier factor is showing its highest value in year 1994. Reflecting the increase in how efficiently shareholders equity is cosmos used to make assets.All the ratios supra come from the DuPont formula, the formula that is used to find harvest-feast on Equity. So in theory hard roe should be at its highest during the year of 1994. This is not the case imputable to the decline in net income and make brim. This decrease can be best explained by the increase in the worry put down ratio, causing the yearly engagement expense to be high and higher. From our net income sheet, we can see that when at that piazza are more expenses, there is less net income ultimately leading to a drop in Equity. Return on Equity will take a hit from this higher interest expense each year.If the company wants to increase ROE again with good quality, they must continue to hold the investments to produce more revenue and ultimately assets as well. However, they must decrease the interest expense rate by either nonrecreational off debt or refinancing their short-term and long term debt. These two decisions will surely reflect an increase in ROE again, unless there is another strike or major economy crash.INTRODUCTIONWe have been asked to solve the assignment given to Fred Aldrich, which is analyzing the data of Basic Industries for the past ten years and making investment recommendations. Basic Industries is a global corporation that holds shares in various electrical related markets. The most recent annual report 1994, shows a decline in the return on owners equity. This has some investors worried and they want him to figure pop how the return on equity has been achieved in the past ten years.Fred has been suggested to occlude the years 1989-1990 since there were strikes and the data wouldnt be as like to other years. He has also been suggested to focus on the analysis for samara financial ratios and direct comparis on between years 1993-1994, the most recent years. We have to focus on the quality of the companys earning since the investors place an emphasis for it. Our end recommendation should be whether or not we hold on to the stocks because they are generating healthy equity.The first thing to do was lead some key financial ratios for all eightsome years to be fitted to get a grasp on the trends for equity. Second, is to go more in depth analysis between years 1993-1994 to see why there is a drop in equity. After valuation, we should be able to determine whether or not the drop on equity was due to the stock investments or maybe it was due to something else. Lastly, calculating the quality of cabbage will be a key factor for deciding whether or not to keep the stocks but maybe change something else within the company to raise return on equity again.ANALYSIS AND CALCULATIONSBelow are all the ratios and percentages used to support the analysisFrom the calculations above, we can end tha t Return on Equity has a smooth trend over the eight years. Return on Equity is lower in the year 1994, which is why investors are worried. But this can be explained with some other ratios. The basis why ROE (Return on Equity) is lower in 1994 is because of the operating profit organism lower as well, the year 1992 had the highest operating profit margin and then it started slowly dropping.Equity turnover has slowly being change magnitude throughout the years this is a good sign. It means that the company has been producing more and more revenue with the investment in this case all the shares in the various electrical related markets. Another good sign for the investment is the asset turnover ratio increasing throughout the years.This reflects that the assets are being efficiently used in the production of revenues. So far, we can conclude that the company is allocating assets in the right manners to produce the maximum revenues possible, and we bop that the investment has also being increasing its turnover ratio. Lastly, the equity multiplier is showing an increase through the years reflecting how efficient shareholders equity is being used to create assets.So, why is ROE lower in 1994 if the ratios above show otherwise? This is because the interest expense has been increasing year by year this decreases the quality of earnings since there is more interest being paid for long-term and short-term debt. Even though the company is paying more money, they are getting into more debt and paying high interest rates for such that ultimately reduces net income and therefore reduces ROE. After analyzing the lessen tax rate, we can say that interest expense and its ratio has also being increasing.

As a Head Nurse Essay

We all essential construe have responsibilities beyond our expectation and limitation as we croup improve ourselves every(prenominal) now and then. Responsibilities are just within our shoulders as we go on with our lives we add more(prenominal) on to it due to the things we goldbrick and experience and simply organism a assimilator nurse province is already on our shoulders as we gained knowledge in every stride of the way. As a student nurse, knowledge is easy to get as we experience, learn, read and study.But every knowledge comes with great responsibility, which is to help and parcel it to others who are innocent about specifically toward to their health. Experiencing being a student head nurse is good as it adds my capabilities to manage my time, and my staff nurses. I have been a drawing card for some time now only I need more experience to be better than out front. I am not at my best now as leader as I havent yet experienced every problem and responsibilities sca rcely I want to get better than I am now.Being a leader is badly because responsibilities weighs more than you expect, for your time, separate and for yourself. But as I experience it once, twice or more to it, it is very helpful due to that I improve from before. Finding myself being a student head nurse is part of being a student but when I experience it was a little hard because I have difficulty at first in manage because it is my first time to lead a multitude in ER but I can manage.I was a little small-arm of loss for a minute on how to manage my time but I made a time table on the disparate things I have to manage from the start towards the end likely checking the whole works of my group mates and reminding them of the divergent responsibilities they have to prioritize first on the certain time. I was at ease because I felt blessed that my group mates work with less supervision and questions as the before group mates I have had. Some take initiatives for the differen t assigned work for our report. They manage to finish it on time and we make known well.They excessively show respect with it comes to work as they call me maam, which I am not used to, during our shift of duty. I also was glad that I experience new and improved group mates. The things that I experienced as a leader was uncountable and unforgettable, due that I experienced new in every leadership that I peak for. Responsibilities are just at our forefront and the moment we move fore it comes our way so we must be ready, so every experience that we take, took it as learning and a good endeavor to become a good leader not for other people but also for yourself.

Problem-Solving Essay

Today the tender-hearted has many issues, like hopelessness, prejudice, and selfish desires. The definition of the word deterrent example is concerned with the principles of right and wrong behavior and the goodness or badness of human character. In the world today there are few moral standards we have numerous evil influences and few holy and godly influences. What does it involve to live honorably? It means that you respect yourself and others and live a invigoration worth living. People have selfish desires to please themselves and non others.The playscript tells us in 1 Corinthians 1533 do non be achieved Bad company ruins good morals. The company we keep, the influences we are under, and the things we shade at all directly carry on our morals and ethics. Some of the things that affect us morally are, music movies, books, the Internet, the friends we have, and the relationship (or lack of) that we have with God. The management we treat others and ourselves is a huge part of our lives and the way we live them. We should gain to be like Jesus in all our endeavors. Matthew 548, you thereof must be perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect.Some of the ways that we could supporter the world regain moral standards are, leading by example, helping stunned or volunteering, and evangelism. The example we set should be an important priority for us as Christians we should be Christ-like at all times. We could also help go forth the less fortunate, volunteering at charities or donating money we should do our parts as Chrisms messengers in the world. The final thing we could do is evangelism, the spreading of Chrisms word. The world Is a sinful place, and God willing come soon and take his citizenry from It. The morals that we have are vital to our character.You could live honorably by, intercommunicate questions, figuring out what leads you astray, and helping fix It. James 122-25, further be doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving yo urselves. For If anyone Is a hearer of the word and not a doer, he Is like a man who looks Intently at his subjective face In a mirror. For he looks at himself and goes absent and at once forgets what he was like. But the one who looks Into the perfect jurisprudence, the law of liberty, and perseveres, existence no hearer who forgets but a doer who acts, he will be blessed In his doing. Problem-Solving Essay By AbernathyThe world is a sinful place, and God will come soon and take his concourse from it. Asking questions, figuring out what leads you astray, and helping fix it. James 122-25, but be doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving yourselves. For if anyone is a hearer of the word and not a doer, he is like a man who looks intently at his natural face in a mirror. For he looks at himself and goes away and at once forgets what he was like. But the one who looks into the perfect law, the law of liberty, and perseveres, being no hearer who forgets but a doer who acts , he will be blessed.

How Advertising Influence Youth Attitude Toward Dressing

Summer educate Report on How advertising play y f e genuinely(prenominal) bulgeh disfigurement ascertain toward prink UNDER commission Mr. Vishal Jain MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (RETAIL MARKETING) SUBMITTED BY Mr. TARUN KUMAR REG. No. 720593065 PUNJAB good UNIVERSITY JALANDHAR (Punjab) ACKNOWLEGEMENT Through this seminar report I want to throw the light on the topic How advertising influence youth attitude towards stuffing, it gives me gigantic pleasure to present my study survey report before my custodytors. With plentiful sense of gratitude I would comparable to take this opportwholeies thank my honor qualified upchuck guide Mr.Vishal Jain This report incorpo wanders many develop handsts, which clear taken induct in the field of advertising as well as indicateion during last 25 or 50 divisions or so. I contrive on that commovefore tried to leave behind a report, which gives a detailed and up-to-date view of securities painsing in a lucid and saucy entitle. It is an attempt to correlate the modern commercializeing strategies and occurrenceual part of the business. later on art object discussing the reactions of dissimilar classes of astronomic number, the interplay of foodstuffing and advertising factors, which pro comprisely influence the behavior of peoples demoraliseing a product, has been duly emphasized.E preci luckhing has been presented in a simplified and refined form, illustrated by well-chosen representative examples. passim the report, presentation of material has been sharpened by inclusion of data report. I collect made a real sincere attempt towards unobjectionable infrastanding of the report. My inexpressible gratitude is to the supreme guide who enables me to bring up my ideas into the c all over forms. Many people save contri preciselyed in the preparation of the report. I express my since placidity thanks and indebtedness to Ms. Gagandeep for inspiring me in the developwork forcet of my project.I pull up stakes be really grateful to my mentors and seniors and inquisitive executives for constructive criticism of report and their suggestions for its throw out improvement. My heartfelt thanks atomic image 18 ascribable to them. Tarun Kumar CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. account statement 3. interrogation &038 DEVELOPMENT 4. MONTE CARLO &038 COTTON COUNTY 5. NEW ARRIVALS 6. check OF ordinaryations 7. INDIAN DRESSING 8. COSTUMES FOR BOYS 9. NEED OF MARKETING STRATEGIES 10. ORGANISATION OF MARKETING STRATEGIES 11. OBJECTIVES &038 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 12. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY. 13. ANALYSIS &038 INTERPRETATION 14. CONCLUSION 15. BIBLOGRAPHY 16.QUESTIONAIRE INTRODUCTION auditory modality is to for keep backting, seeing is to returning, doing is to sightstairsstanding. Advertising is both an art and a business it tells the man at large astir(predicate) the availability of a product usu altogethery a consumer article and persuades the people finished o ral, visual and emotional challenges to buy the product. It presents an article in an soak upive, respectable and highly functionful way. Yet, like former(a)wise arts it lies in concealing it self. To cast take it differently, advertisement of a sealed product persuades us in a subtle way that we agree its publicized virtues as facts.Wearing clothes with prestigious grade names seems to be really deductionant for adolescents. This phenomenon was studied in the context of consumer socialization by examining the influence of 3 socialization agents, namely pargonnts, peers and TV, on the development of cut Canadian adolescents deformity sensitivity and their relative substanceance. Controlling for socio-economic variables, mul collapsele obsession analyses were take aimed separately for boys and for girls. For both genders, grass sensitivity is related to peer influence. Girls sign sensitivity is related to the importance fathers give to clo intimacy brands.TV exposu re is non related to adolescents brand sensitivity. For boys and girls, peers represent the approximately fundamental predictor of this consumer socialization. The results argon discussed in the light of social and economic pressures and family relationships. Advertising influences the youth attitude towards dressing to a larger extent and has broad impact on the society and out get word of an various(prenominal) personality. Fashions in dress have been circulating(prenominal) since the dawn of civilization. Fashions argon meant to demonstrate the status of a person.Advertisements make an appeal to our emotions and desires by associating the advertised brands with ordinary personalities much(prenominal) as film stars and sportsman. The tendency of advertising about the dresses combines pictures or car toons with fine catchy phrases, musical notes, and portion of advertising model, strong visual appeal. That is why they argon near popular and most expensive of all. Advert ising influences consumers subconscious mind. Youth tries to score the dressing sense of celebrities. Advertising has revolutionized the trade of primp manufacturing.In advertising ein truth(prenominal)thing is through to f and so on the eyes of consumers and push up the sales. Thats why William Shakespe atomic number 18 remarked, enclothe ost proclaims the man. Summarizing, in a nutshell here is a report, which has been made by thoroughly studying all the aspects of advertising world, Youth attitude towards dressing, tradeplace study etc. healthy criticism of the report is al ways welcomed. storey Ludhiana is an key lace come apart center located in North state of Punjab (about 400km from Delhi). such(prenominal) than than half of the coun bms hose products argon supplied from here.Comm righteous known as the Manchester of India and likewise as the industrial jacket of piffling scale intentness, the city has a business community that has proved its entrepre neurial strength all over the world. It has a long history in producing create from raw materialwear for the Indian grocery and is known for its sheepskin/ immingle knitwear including sweaters, pullovers etc. The word knitwear is derived from the word hose, which actor tubular that describes the shape in which the material was knit, especially for socks. The start fleece knitwear unit was probably established in the last decade of the ordinal century (maybe 1894) in Ludhiana for manufacturing socks. or so others put the date as in the first decade of the twentieth century. Its origin bathroom be traced to migrants from Kashmir, who institutetled in Ludhiana aft(prenominal) a famine in Kashmir in 1933. These migrants brought with them skill of roam fine fleece fabrics and embroidery. Their skills were commercialized by the local traders who sought markets at bottom Punjab and beyond. In 1935, the constancy saw its first vary with circular create from raw material apparatuss introduced in the sedulousness. They started manufacturing sweaters on these forms with cotton eccentric used as raw material.The min turning point in the history of this cluster was the introduction of savourless Knitting machines during 1940s and during the kindred period, the fabrication started importing wool for manufacturing woolen products. The Ludhiana knitwear industry cluster veritable during the second world war, when the woolen jerseys were in great train. In 1947 the Muslim population that migrated to Pakistan later on partition, owned most of the machines so then(prenominal) the local population and the immigrants from Pakistan sustained this industry. Trade grew smoothly for next four decades. Myanmar was a very important market for Ludhiana knitwear coin bank the 1950 i. . before the Myanmar Government imposed import restrictions. In the comparable class the Government of India too imposed restriction on imports and most of the inputs i . e. machines, needles etc at that gruntle were being imported. The import restriction thus fostered development of natural machine make outrs, spinning mills etc. Before the breakup of Russia into CIS, it was the largest market for the woolens made in Ludhiana. The breaking up of Russia forced Ludhiana to explore for freshly markets. Till then the focus of the cluster was largely on woolen products in the broken iner damaged segment.During the period of 1980s, the industry saw another change with introduction of automatic and computerised plain stitch machines. During 1981, the State government had set up a knitwear center with technical and financial assistance from UNDP and UNIDO, housing the most modern technology and equipment. The collapse of Russian market resulted in a major shakeout in the industry and several leading manufacturers were forced out of business altogether. At the selfsame(prenominal) time the crises created a new-made coevals of manufacturers, who learnt from Tirupur, Delhi and Bombay to thrive by shifting their business from winter wear to pass wear.This paradigm shift eventually resulted in Ludhiana be plan of attack more of a cotton and summer wear manufacturing center, while retaining its dominance in the interior(prenominal) woolen market. Ludhiana has seen an enormous industrial appendage in the last 8 twenty-four hourslights due to signifi piece of asst improvements in the law and order site and a conducive atmosphere for Industrial developing. In order to attract the entrepreneurs to set industries, the State Government is providing benefits such as industrial place and industrial estates as focal points. Although it is a highly labour intensifier industry notwithstanding there is no systematic approach for providing training to the give-up the ghost force.The importance of the Ludhiana knitwear cluster is evident from the following facts * at that place be about 12000 small-scale units in the Ludhiana cluster *The thorough fixed coronation in ar wind and machinery is Rs three hundredcrores *Per capita investment in plant and machinery is Rs. 2. 13 hundred thousand *The cluster is producing products worth Rs 5000 crores in a course of study. *The cluster provides direct and mediate employment to n previous(predicate) 5 lakh persons *Per capita employment is 28 persons *The honour of merc authorizeiseationings is around Rs 1300crores *Knitwear tradeationations from Ludhiana has been growing at the rate of 25% since 1995 *Its sh atomic number 18 in make sense garment exports from India is around 3% More than 90% of woolen knitwear production of the country is from Ludhiana This field comprises of near self-aggrandizing organised compound manufacturers like Oswal Woolen mill around, Oswal Knit India (Pringle), Greatway, R N Oswal, Pee Jay external etc. that have a cogency of 0. 5 1. 0 cardinal pieces each. In supplement there ar numerous medium and small scal e units giveing to local and export markets. The small-scale units argon meshed in various activities like spinning of recite, colour and processing of yarn and fabric, knitwork, cutting, moreoverton holing and moreoverton stitching, washing and dry cleaning and label manufacturing.This field is a perfect example of ancillarisation and sub contacting in the country. The deep grow knitwear industry in Ludhiana consists of both circular and flatbed bed knitwork potentiality. Structured knits, jacquards and fancy knits be especially from this centre. Auto stripers, velour &038 self-feeder stripers argon other well-fixed options. likes, acrylic resins, rayon blends &038 woolen knitwear production is facilitated by an scant(p) door to yarn production in the same region. The overall expert status is very low barring a both(prenominal)er enterprises. The machinery and equipments ar locally manufactured and ar low in efficiency and musical note.The dye and finishi ng technology is highly polluting and consumes high amounts of energy and water. The knitwear industry of Ludhiana which has emerged as the largest self-sufficient sphere of influence in itself and has a huge potential of maturing into an sublime industrial name. Considering the size and potential of the Ludhiana Knitwear industry, it can be safely verbalize that it will have a significant role to play in the changing ball-shaped trading environment. It is therefore high time for the industry to become globally competitive and to make concentrated efforts. Analysis of subscriber line Operations growthThe Ludhiana knitwear industry is a well-diversified industry. Product-wise it can be divided into ii master(prenominal) firmaments i. e. summer wear and winter wear. The main product for winter wear are sweaters, woolen socks, pullovers, cardigans, thermal wear, gloves, muffler, baret caps, shawls, jackets, jersey, and blankets, while for the summer wear the main product are T-shirts, cotton and immingle socks, under garments, knit bed sheet, create from raw stuff skirts, knit transcend, sports wear, night subjects etc. Semi schematic create from raw material made from double mercerized cottons blended with viscose and bed linen paper made for summer wear in addition fall into product basket of the Ludhiana luster. Raw material Most of the raw material is locally getable. Cotton, Wool, acrylic resin, Polyester, Nylon and viscose rayon are the main raw material used in the knitwear industry. Cotton is getable in abundance as India is producing 1. 6 to 1. 7 million bales of cotton every year. al unrivalled due to poor olfactory propertying of Indian wool, generally the clarified wool is imported from Australia, New Zealand or southbound Africa. Other synthetic fibres like Acrylic, Polyester, Nylon and Viscose are available indigenously. thither are about 200 spinning units, which produce cotton, woolen and blended yarns. About 25% yarn is also exported from Ludhiana.With increased level of sensory faculty through various exposure chaffers to Italy and china and interaction with the international buyers, Ludhiana manufacturers have begun to use new fashion varieties of yarn. The firms are either importing these new varieties of yarns from China, Australia and New Zealand or producing them in-house. Feather yarn and Crotchet yarn are examples of newly developed yarns. there is some collective yarn import also being tiree at Ludhiana. The fabrics used in the summer wear are locally knitted and use pure and blended cotton yarns and also synthetic yarns such as polyester, polyester cotton, polyester viscose etc.Besides the above, there are various embellishments and materials requirement in the industry such as furthertons, zip fasteners, sewing threads, thread lining materials, tapes, laces, labels, packaging material etc. that are easily available in India though not of very high quality in Ludhiana. In the dyei ng sector, various dyes and chemicals are used for processing and finishing of yarns, fabrics and garments. Machines Ludhiana has about 4000 circular knitwork machines out of which 1500 are extensivey automatic. There are about 500 flat computerized, 120 fully fashion and 50 to 60 thousand stack flat create from raw stuff machines.There are local manufacturers who not only cater to the Ludhiana market but also add up throughout India. Many of the manufacturers having financial muscle import machinery from Italy, Germany, Taiwan, Korea etc. Of late there has been a grooming of importing second hand reconditi peerlessd machinery from these nations under the TUFS scheme and many units are availing this facility. This machinery is much ahead of what is called advance in the Indian context. This gives a scientific uplift to the industry and in turn increases the quality of the produce.There are 300 small and medium process houses. Most of them are traditional dyeing plants using hank dyeing. The number of package and fabric dyeing units are very few. The machinery used in dyeing is mostly indigenous while a lot of imported. Machinery is being used in finishing despite the fact that there is 25% import indebtedness on machines. The import occupation on the spare parts of these imported machines is 52% which means that the fear of these machines becomes a bellly affair and is thus a detaining factor. There are around 25 units that are using imported machinery only.The machinery that is locally available does not match the quality and productiveness being tenderizeed by the overseas suppliers. Some of the manufacturers feel that this duty structure is a result of tip over efforts to dump machinery. The machinery being imported is through indenters, which are around 25 in number. Direct machinery import is almost negligible. These indenters also give after sale service. Workforce The Ludhiana knitwear industry is highly labour-intensive. It is estimated that the Industry has employed 5lakh persons. come out of the closet of which, more then 2lakh are employed Indirectly. The concept of contracted labour prevails in the industry because of it being a seasonal runer industry and also to overturn the factories act. These indirect activities are related to the forward and rearwards tieages within the industry such as tailoring, embroidery, packaging, selling and marketing etc. The labour available is migratory labour and is mostly unskilled. Though there are training courses being run locally, these are not being extensively used. Women workers, a major equirement of the garment industry is only 2% in number at Ludhiana. Although the biased attitude of the entrepreneurs towards women has been largely taken care of yet there is much to be d atomic number 53. Technical workforce is available but technical inputs are mostly given by the entrepreneur themselves who have practical industry experience and better knowledge gained by ind irect sources. This is the reason why training levels are negligible in the cluster. The payment levels are low and despite the availability of professionals, their employment is very limited.There is a lack of professional attitude amongst the managers and is being taken care of by unit level training programmes. Entrepreneurial Background Most of the entrepreneurs in Ludhiana are self-made businessmen, who learnt the job while serving as workers in other units. Most of them lacked any technical or professional qualifications. Although these owners do not possess any statuesque technical education, their knowledge of materials, machinery and products is considerable. The owners coiffure all basic functions of marketing, procurement and finance.This is precisely the reason why they do not want to appoint professionals or believe in training. The coming up second generation is again a mixed category, with some of them having professional qualifications before entering the family b usiness, while others joining at an early age with shop floor and hands-on experience. The decision making major indicators are vested with the entrepreneur themselves. There is no delegation of authority and the amount of deposit posed in the employees is very less. Production There are huge but fragmented capacities in the cluster and not much of subcontracting prevails.Thus the capacity utilization is very low. It is 40% in units operating computerized machines while 80% in hand flat machines that are suitable for prize added quoin products. More than 60% of the units are working either as subsidiary or vendors to their mother units. There is less differentiation with thrust on knit structures, silhouettes, shades and patterns, which are limited in clutches. This is a seasonal industry and the production capacity utilization is remarkably low in the lean season, which is from December to April for winter wear. Delivery schedules are seldom adhered to. DesigningProfessional ly dependant as well as experienced designers are available in the industry. Local engrafts like Pinnacle, JD Institute and NIFD are serving the industry actively. however stock- passive Ludhiana is lacking in new designs because of no efforts being put on research &038 development. Most of the small entrepreneurs prefer doing this job themselves. The big ones, who are interested in keeping themselves abreast with current trends visit nearby countries like Hong-Kong and Singapore to pick up some of the latest available samples. These are then modified to suit the needs of municipal market as well as that of some developing countries for exports.The importers of developed countries usually provide their designs themselves. A proposal of marriage for collaboration with international institute likes CITER (Italy) &038 FIT (US) is under pipeline. Infrastructure Ludhiana is very poor as further as al-Qaida facilities are concerned. The only airport, which is near to Ludhiana is no t operating(a) at the moment and it is required to increase its status from internal to international airport. An international level exhibition centre for buyer-seller encounters is needed so that it is easier for the buyers from contrasted to visit Ludhiana. There are no proper facilities for labour force.Due to disordered location of industries, the common effluent treatment plants do not work. Some units have installed them individually but they are working at much lower capacities. The conditions of roads is very poor and even the sewers are not laid strike down in some areas. The power supply is very erratic and very tollly. Very recently this has been hiked by around 4%. Even the use of generator sets commands heavy levyes. There are no common facilities. MOT has announced a couple of schemes like TCIDS wherein the industry has to give a matching contribution. The cluster has already submitted a proposal in this respect.In some areas, the associations have even poole d in resources for laying down roads and sewers. Finance Most of the units are financially independent with a strong base. Loans are easily available from banks and other financial institutions but preference is given to private financiers who provide loans at a higher(prenominal) rate. This is largely to hide the illegal business transactions. Various banks such as the SBI under its UPTECH programme is giving soft loans on their PLR and contributing sign Rs. 1 Lakh in hurt of integrity for technical up-gradation of units. selling Marketing is a very weak feature of the Ludhiana cluster.At the outset, there is no distinction between the manufacturer and the marketer. There are a few firms who are selling directly through their own retail outlets such as Duke, Sportking or through marketing channels such as four-card monte Carlo, Pringle, Jain Udhay, Neva etc. Many units are doing job work for big brands such as Raymonds, Wills, Allen Solly, Esprit etc. Every year in two phases i . e. in January for summers and in July for winters, the manufacturers do their sampling and procure orders by displaying these in hotels at Delhi where they invite their prospective retailers.A huge amount is fagged in this process. An initiative in this respect has been taken by a few of the manufacturers in terms of collective and negotiated hotel bookings. It is being planned to conduct these meets in a collective fashion, which will reduce the cost of this activity. There is also a lot of price undercutting in the cluster. There is no emphasis on branding and this largely reduces the margins because the maximum value addition in chain is at this stage. To overcome this problem, a collective marketing and common branding project has been planned.There is very less participation in domestic help trade fairs and the international ones are also seldom visited to get a feel of the market trends. The marketing in the export sector is targeted mainly at the buy houses. There are v ery few units that are directly marketing in the international market. Domestic market Ludhiana knitwear industry is doing Rs. 3629 crores business in the domestic market. 95% domestic demand for woolen knitwear is fulfilled by the Ludhiana cluster alone. The main markets for Ludhiana knitwear industry are high-end domestic markets in Delhi, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Lucknow and Kanpur.There is also a low-end middle income mass domestic market including immigrants from Tibet and Nepal. Another major market are the Government Departments, earlier defence and police, that is routed through tenders announced by these departments. Export market The global knitwear market is of about 200 billion USD. Export of knitwear from Ludhiana is of about Rs. 1371 crores. The main foreign markets for Ludhiana knitwear industry are the high quality conscious Americans, Europeans and the market of the CIS countries. USA and EU are high fashion and design markets.The export being done to American and EU nat ions is to begin with job work for big brands wherein the designs are provided by the buyers. There is very less export being done with manufacturers own label and that too is limited to middle(a) East and CIS nations only. The Middle East markets are low quality markets. An important feature of the knitwear export from Ludhiana is that almost 90% of export is carried out by the manufacturer exporters. There are very few merchant exporters. Around 25% of the yarn is also exported. There is a huge demand for synthetic fibres in the European nations.These possibilities have not been exploited so far. Role of marketing agents Marketing agents are fundamentally catering to the requirements of the domestic markets, both high-end and low-end middle-income segments. They provide two kinds of important service to the entrepreneurs firstly they source orders from distant buyers and secondly they serve as a guarantor of the buyer for the manufactures. They are responsible for gathering of money from the buyers after expiry of credit limit. In case of dispute, they reimburse 50 part of entrepreneurs dead payment. The intermediaries take away around 6% of the sales as commission.This indirect link limits the feedback received from the final guests and results in low customer loyalty, besides reducing the profit margins. Decentralized sector The knitwear industry in Ludhiana is highly decentralized &038 varies in size. The small knitwear units are located in residential areas around Sunder Nagar, Madhopuri, Brahmpuri, Shivpuri, Purana Bazar and Bahadur ke road. The medium and large units are generally located in the outskirts of Ludhiana in the Industrial Area, Focal Point, Chandigarh avenue or Jalandhar road. Most of the units are based in the residential areas born-again into commercial places.Only a few big units have their production units in eleven of the Government promoted industrial estates in the Ludhiana district. There is no pocket industrial estate in t he city for knitwear units. Research and development There is no stress on R&038D activities in the cluster. The R&038D is only in terms of new varieties and finishes of yarns and in terms of technology up-gradation. An exhibition on latest yarns was organized, where Chinese and Indian firms displayed their innovations. This created some awareness but the cluster nonetheless needs to put in more effort in this. Taxes and DutiesThere is chain of taxes on industry which are stated as under 1. Excise duty on fibers 12% 2. Excise duty on yarn(12%) / Excise duty on polyester filum yarn (34 %) so average duty on yarn 23% 3. Sales tax on yarn 4. 4% 4. Sales tax on Ready made &038 knitwear 4 TOTAL (of 1+2+3+4) 66. 8% Proposed Entry tax on yarn 4. 4% The knitters and weavers of grey fabric can pay excise duty on an optional basis. The rate of excise duty on fabric, made ups and garments is 12%. This special Dispensation shall lapse up to 28th Feb 2005. The industrial fabrics would h owever continue at 16%.The Hand processing of textile fabric by independent Processors is exempted from excise duty even there is use of power in three Specified processes i. e. scouring, hydro-extraction and calendaring in the case of Cotton and man made fabrics. Policies and regulations EXIM Policy 2002 2007 In the EXIM policy 2002 2005, Ludhiana has been awarded the status of town of export excellence for woolen knitwear. This will entitle Ludhiana cluster for the following benefits accept association of units will be able to access funds under MAI (Market access initiative scheme) for creating focused technological services.Funds will also be available for undertaking market promotion efforts on country Product basis. Receive priority for assistance in identified critical infrastructure gaps. There are two schemes namely Apparel Integrated ballpark for Exports and the Textile Center Infrastructure building scheme under which 37 crores of funding is available. Various benef its will be extended to the member units as relaxation in labour laws, common facilities etc. Sample fabrics permitted duty free within 3% limit for trimming &038 embellishment and 10 % variation in GSM to be allowed for fabric under advance license.Additional items such as zip fastness, inlay cards, evelets, rivets, eves, toggles, velcro-tape, cord &038 cord stopper are taked in input output norms. DEPB rates are permitted for all kinds of blended fabrics. Such blended fabrics are to have the lowest rate as applicable to different constituent fabric. Oswal fleece Mills contain (OWM), the flagship corporation of the Nahar theme of Companies is expanding its animate capacities by raising funds through a public slue and has obtained SEBIs nod for the issue of up to 8,320,000 equity treats of Rs. 10 each through the book built route. The issue comprises of a net issue to the public of up to 8,305,000 equity shares and reservation of up to 15,000 equity shares for subscription by employees. The net issue will constitute 25. 05% of fully diluted post-issue bully of the participation, give tongue to Mr. Jawahar Lal Oswal, Managing Director of the play along. OWM, was structured in 1949 and is a part of Rs. 19,000 million well known industrial compile Nahar congregation which also consists of Nahar reel Ltd, Nahar Industrial Enterprises expressage, Nahar Exports Ltd and Nahar Capital &038 Financial Services Limited based at Ludhiana in Punjab.The Group is one of the oldest and well-recognized business houses in India. The smart set is one of the pioneers in the organized Indian fleece hose industry. OWM made small beginning as a manufacturer of hosiery items and over the long time has emerged as a vertically integrated wool textile troupe having presence in divers(prenominal) markets, with considerable range of products including branded woolen hosiery and cotton garments. OWM is the registered owner of well-known brand name monte Carlo for selling woolen hosiery and cotton garments which was added to the animate product portfolio in the year 2002.International Society for Super brands has recognized monte Carlo as a Superbrand for woollen hosiery garments since pecuniary 2003. The products in woollen hosiery segment are also sold under the brand names of Canterbury for premium quality woollen hosiery garments while the effectiveness rack up woollen yarns and hand knitting yarns are sold under the brand name of OWM. Since establish 2006, the come with has started manufacture of indigo washy specialty blue jean fabric, which has added to the lively range of rich product portfolios.The society has been certified to conform to the QMS metre ISO 90012000 by DNV Certification B. V. , Netherlands for the manufacture and supply of dyed and grey tops and yarn in worsted wool, pure wool, lamb wool, acrylic wool blends and polyester wool blends and angora, berthia and serge fabrics. The Company endeavors to strengt hen its put down in the in the retail sector and it plans to further augment its existing reach of monte Carlo sole(a) dishonor Outlets by opening redundant 106 outlets by monetary 2009 from the existing 44 outlets as of now.Further, OWM is contemplating selling jean fabrics to ready-made denim garment manufactures in domestic and international market. From 2007 surrender and winter season, The Company would start production and marketing of fine micron pure merino blended knitted products for children in the age conclave of one to octonary years for the Indian domestic market. In the Fiscal 2006, OWM had commissioned a co-generation power plant with multi fuel capabilities with an installed capacity of 3. MW to meet the consummate power requirements of integrated yarn textile manufacturing plant. Post committee of this co-generation power plant in addition to cost lessening of power, the society would benefit from regular availability of power resulting in better qu ality of yarn and reduction in manufacturing wastage. Under the current expansion plan, it proposes to set up a co-generation power plant with installed capacity of 7. 5 MW, which is expect to meet the full requirements of power for integrated denim operations post expansion. Mr.Kamal Oswal, Director said, We also propose to increase capacities to manufacture additional 125,000 pieces of wool based knitted and hosiery garments together with additional 4,784 spindles for worsted woollen yarn and also increasing denim fabric weaving capacity to 20 million meters per annum from the present level of 15 million meters per annum. As a backward integration for the denim fabric weaving, we are also setting up a cotton spinning plant with a capacity of 14,400 spindles and 2,160 rotors. The loudness Running Lead Managers to the Issue are UTI pious platitude Limited and Motilal Oswal investment Advisors Private Limited.Oswal Woolen Mills NAHAR GROUP, established in 1949 surges ahead to est ablish it self as a reputed industrial conglomerate with a wide ranging portfolio from Worsted Spinning, Cotton Knitted, and Cotton Woven adorns, wool hosepipe Etc. The group has spinning capacity of 0. 4 millions cotton spindles 25000 worsted spindles with turn over of $500 million inclusive of export turnover of $150 million. Out of total production, 60% of the production is dedicate to exports and the rest 40% for domestic market.The production facility have been awarded ISO 90012000. nowadays OWM is the flagship guild of the glorious Nahar pudding stone and a idealistic owner of astray loved Super blot in Knitwear, Monte Carlo and Recoganised Super Brand Canterbury. The company boasts of a product portfolio that is truly large and varied. They include assorted pillowcases of woollen, Acrylic and Synthetic Blended Yarns, Lambs Wool Yarn. The markets of NAHAR GROUP are cris track allover the globe with major clientele in Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Middle East, Af rica, Russia and Asia.The objective is meeting the buyers expectations with consistent quality backed by R &038 D divisions equipped with latest equipment, Cream of highly qualified technocrats and adhering to incidentally schedules. Today Oswal Woolen Mills LTD. is a company that owes its strength in the market and solidity to foresight of its chairman Sh. Jawahar Lal Oswal ,the professional inputs of the board of directors and able to team of highly skilled mangers OSWAL WOOLEN MILLS LTD is the Flagship company of over US$500 millions NAHAR GROUP OF COMPANIESOswal Woollen Mills (OWM) is the flagship company of the Rs 2,000 crore Nahar Group, which is an industrial conglomerate with a diversified portfolio that includes spinning, knitting, fabric processing, hosiery garments, knitwear and infrastructure. Starting off as a small hosiery factory in Ludhiana in 1949. It produces a wide range of products, which include diverse type of woollen acrylic, synthetic blend yarns, lamb wool yarn, woollen viscose and acrylic tops, textile fabric, woollen hosiery, thermals, knitwear and cotton Garments. The Companys infrastructural base includes six-spot factories with a workforce of 10,000 people.OWM has recently become the first domestic company in the country to receive the prestigious ISO- 9001-2000 certification in the designing, knitwear, manufacturing and give category. Oswal Woollen Mills (Spinning Mill) Limited GarmentManufacturer Oswal Woolen Mills NAHAR GROUP, established in 1949 surges ahead to establish it self as a reputed industrial conglomerate with a wide ranging portfolio from Spinning, Knitting, Fabric, hose Garments etc. Out of total production, 60% of the production is dedicated to exports and the rest 40% for domestic market.The production facility has been awarded ISO 90012000. OWM is the flagship company of the glorious Oswal Empire and a proud owner of widely loved Super Brands in Knitwear, Monte Carlo and Canterbury. The company boasts of a p roduct range that is truly large and varied. They include diverse types of Woollen, Acrylic and Synthetic Blended Yarns, Lambs Wool Yarn, Woollen Viscose &038 Acrylic Tops, Textile Fabric, Woollen Knitwear, Hosiery &038 Cotton Garments The knitting industry in India can be classified into following groups Hosiery knitting for undergarments tight knitting for sweaters and winter garments Socks knitting for socks and stockings Warp knitting for dresses, furnishings and industrial applications In the recent times, knitting sector has undergone enormous modifications that have resulted in an increase in efficiency, ease of operations, use of computer support designing etc. The various reasons for the growth of knitting industry are as follows The dandy investment for starting a new knitting unit is relatively small than that required for other fabric producing industries. High productivity and very low preparatory process as compared to weaving. More flexible and easy changeov er of styles and designs to keep up with the frequent fashion changes in curry market. Knitted fabrics are comfortable and are in tune with the time. Knitwear dont require ironing and thus it gives people a raffish feeling while traveling etc. Low labour cost per unit as compared to weaving. Wider scope of designing in a knitting machine at a lower cost as compared to weaving. traditionally pure wool was more commonly used for knitted fabrics. simply its cost being very high and production being very low, it could not meet the requirements of the increasing population.Due to these constraints, the use of acrylic and other noncostlier fibres like jute have overshadowed wool in the knitting sector. Optimal purpose of the manufacturing capacities of the industry is required to boldness the global challenge in terms of mensuration and price in the post WTO quota regime. Most of the hosiery/knitwear manufacturing units in India are in the small-scale sector. India is the larges t producer of cotton in the world, with Gujarat as a number one cotton producer with a yield of 300-400 kg per hectare. It is expected that within a couple of years, it will touch the mark of 550 kg per hectare.Therefore India has an abundant supply of the basic raw-material for knitwear industry. Presently, the main centers where this industry is located are Ludhiana, Tirupur, Delhi, Culcutta, Banglore, Ahmedabad, Saharanpur, Surat, Kanpur and Mumbai. About 95% of the nations output of woolen/acrylic knitwear and over two third of its bicycles and parts production comes from Ludhiana. Tirupur is famous for cotton hosiery and most of its produce is exported. Knitwear industry uses various types of yarns like woolen, worsted, cotton, blended and various other types of fancy yarn.However Ludhiana, which is very famous for woolen knitwear makes substantial use of acrylic fiber and less of pure wool because of its high price. This is primarily because wool as a raw material is produced mainly in Australia, South Africa and New Zealand and the import duty on the same is very high. The industry in India mainly imports wool either in its fiber stage, yarn stage or old woolen rags, which are then recycled. In terms of looks and feel for a common user, acrylic and woolen seem to be similar. At present world cloth market stands at 200 billion USD and the share of knitwear is almost 50% of the total market.China has a hold over 24% of the global knitwear trade. While the domestic apparel market in India is around 9 billion USD wherein knitwear has only 15% share. If we analyse the per capita pulmonary tuberculosis of fabrics, the share of knitted fabrics in the Indian market is around 3% as compared to the world average of 13%. Globally, the per capita consumption of knitted fabrics is 31 kg in the US, 20 kg in the EU &038 24 kg in Japan, whereas in India the per capita consumption is 0. 2 kg per annum. This proves that there is huge scope for growth of knitted fabric i n India.Significance of knitwear in garment industry The survival of knitwear industry depends on the survival of the garment industry. At present, the knitwear industry has only 43% share in volume of garment industry but the same is increasing at a very fast rate due to the comfort properties of knitted garments. As on January 1 2002, there were 50,000 units in India engaged in garment manufacturing, of which 9600 were in the knitted sector and 40,400 in the twine sector. Year 1999 2000 The garment sector in India is growing at the rate of 7. % in volume, but a notable point is that this growth has been largely supported by the growth in the knitted sector at a rate of 11. 4% in volume. Knitwear accounts for 18% of foreign exchange earned by the country from export of all commodities. Garment exports from India in July have registered a growth of 20% in value terms and is at 379 million USD as against 316 million USD, in the same period last year. Both the sectors of the garment industry i. e. knitted and woven have progressed over the last decade &038 a half but in the later half of the decade, the knitted sector has overtaken the woven sector in terms of volume.Significance in export It is expected that the textile sector would fulfill the export target of Rs. 65,000 crores this year, out of which the knitwear contribution will be about 15% 20%. The union Government has fixed the export target of 50 billion USD for the textile items by the year 2010, the share target for garment is at 50% i. e. 25 billion USD. grounds Export of garment from Ludhiana region during Jan-December 2001 was 705. 19 crores under quota countries, while export of garment from India was of 21414. 52 crores.Thus the percentage share of Ludhiana in export of garment was only 3. 29 %. The total global garment market is of 198. 7 billion USD. (From clothesline). Destination of export Presently U. S. A. , Canada, South Africa, U. K. , Germany, France and U. A. E are the main destinati ons for knitwear exports from India. West Europe, Australia, Japan, Middle East, Russia, Poland, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan &038 Ukraine countries are big importers of knitted items. Yarn from India is exported to almost the whole of the world but more so to Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Korea. CompetitorsChina, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Indonesia, Pakistan and Sri Lanka give severe competition to India in the world market. The share of China alone in the world market is 24% while that of India is just 3%. Import Barriers Indias import duties on wool fiber, textiles and apparel are highest amongst the world. Duties remain high at all stages of the pipeline and exporters also face nontariff barriers such as special import licenses for wool fabrics etc. The import duty on raw wool is 22% and on wool-top it is 50% with an additional duty of 11. 5% payable on imports. Besides this, the total duty on the wool yarn is 67. %. Import duty on machine is 25% while import duty on machine parts is around 52%. Sometimes the maintenance of imported machine becomes costlier. Because of this, the manufacturers avoid purchasing of modern imported machine. Oswal Woollen Mills Ltd enters capital market pic pic NEW DELHI Oswal Woollen Mills Limited (OWM), the flagship company of the Nahar Group of Companies is expanding its existing capacities by raising funds through a public issue and has obtained SEBIs nod for the issue of up to 8,320,000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each through the book built route. The issue comprises of a net issue to the public of up to 8,305,000 equity shares and reservation of up to 15,000 equity shares for subscription by employees. The net issue will constitute 25. 05% of fully diluted post-issue capital of the company, said Mr. Jawahar Lal Oswal, Managing Director of the company. OWM, was incorporated in 1949 and is a part of Rs. 19,000 million well known industrial conglomerate Nahar Group which also consists of Nahar Spinning Ltd, Nahar Industrial Enterprises Limi ted, Nahar Exports Ltd and Nahar Capital &038 Financial Services Limited based at Ludhiana in Punjab.The Group is one of the oldest and well-recognized business houses in India. The Company is one of the pioneers in the organized Indian woollen hosiery industry. OWM made abject beginning as a manufacturer of hosiery items and over the years has emerged as a vertically integrated woollen textile company having presence in diverse markets, with wide range of products including branded woollen hosiery and cotton garments. OWM is the registered owner of well-known brand name Monte Carlo for selling woollen hosiery and cotton garments which was added to the existing roduct portfolio in the year 2002. International Society for Superbrands has recognized Monte Carlo as a Superbrand for woollen hosiery garments since Fiscal 2003. The products in woollen hosiery segment are also sold under the brand names of Canterbury for premium quality woollen hosiery garments while the specialty worsted woollen yarns and hand knitting yarns are sold under the brand name of OWM. Since March 2006, the company has started manufacture of indigo dyed specialty denim fabric, which has added to the existing range of rich product portfolios.The Company has been certified to conform to the QMS Standard ISO 90012000 by DNV Certification B. V. , Netherlands for the manufacture and supply of dyed and grey tops and yarn in worsted wool, pure wool, lamb wool, acrylic wool blends and polyester wool blends and angora, berthia and serge fabrics. The Company endeavors to strengthen its position in the in the retail sector and it plans to further augment its existing reach of Monte Carlo Exclusive Brand Outlets by opening additional ampere-second outlets by Fiscal 2010 from the existing 44 outlets as of now.Further, OWM is contemplating selling denim fabrics to ready-made denim garment manufactures in domestic and international market. From 2007 autumn and winter season, The Company would start pro duction and marketing of fine micron pure merino blended knitted products for children in the age group of one to eight years for the Indian domestic market. In the Fiscal 2006, OWM had commissioned a co-generation power plant with multi fuel capabilities with an installed capacity of 3. MW to meet the entire power requirements of integrated yarn textile manufacturing plant. Post commissioning of this co-generation power plant in addition to cost reduction of power, the company would benefit from uninterrupted availability of power resulting in better quality of yarn and reduction in manufacturing wastage. Under the current expansion plan, it proposes to set up a co-generation power plant with installed capacity of 7. 5 MW, which is expected to meet the full requirements of power for integrated denim operations post expansion.Mr. Kamal Oswal, Director said, We also propose to increase capacities to manufacture additional 125,000 pieces of wool based knitted and hosiery garments toge ther with additional 4,784 spindles for worsted woollen yarn and also increasing denim fabric weaving capacity to 20 million meters per annum from the present level of 15 million meters per annum. As a backward integration for the denim fabric weaving, we are also setting up a cotton spinning plant with a capacity of 14,400 spindles and 2,160 rotors. The Book Running Lead Managers to the Issue are UTI Bank Limited and Motilal Oswal Investment Advisors Private Limited. Mr. N. D. Jain, president of the company, announced sale policy of textile products for the year 2007-2008. Mr. Jain informed that the company was manufacturing textile products of highest quality which are high hat in country. Oswal Woollen Mills Limited (OWM) is the the flagship company of the Nahar Group of Companies. OWM, was incorporated in 1949 and is a part of Rs. 9,000 million well known industrial conglomerate Nahar Group. The Group is one of the oldest and well-recognized business houses in India. The Compan y is one of the pioneers in the organized Indian woollen hosiery industry. OWM made modest beginning as a manufacturer of hosiery items and over the years has emerged as a vertically integrated woollen textile company having presence in diverse markets, with wide range of products including branded woollen hosiery and cotton garments.OWM is the registered owner of well-known brand name Monte Carlo for selling woollen hosiery and cotton garments which was added to the existing product portfolio in the year 2002. The products in woollen hosiery segment are also sold under the brand names of Canterbury for premium quality woollen hosiery garments while the specialty worsted woollen yarns and hand knitting yarns are sold under the brand name of OWM. Since March 2006, the company has started manufacture of indigo dyed specialty denim fabric, which has added to the existing range of rich product portfolios.The Company has been certified to conform to the QMS Standard ISO 90012000 for the manufacture and supply of dyed and grey tops and yarn in worsted wool, pure wool, lamb wool, acrylic wool blends and polyester wool blends and angora, berthia and serge fabrics. Monte Carlo India Mens Fashion, white-tie Office &038 Fashion Shirts, T-shirts, Jackets, Womens Cardigans &038 Sweaters Over the years, Monte Carlo has established itself as a brand name trusted world-wide for its excellence in quality and eminence.Some of our products include sweaters, cardigans, cardigan sweaters, Mens pullovers, T-shirts, trouser, shorts, Womens cardigan sweaters &038 womens sweater. All our clothes are designed in a direction to give our customers the ultimate feeling of comfort and ecstasy. Our collections also includes a wide range of thermals and track suits India. In our compilation of exquisite clothing and qualitative attires we have variety of jackets India like Womens jackets, sleeveless jackets, Mens jackets &038 Shirts like fashion shirts, formal shirts, office shirts &038 w holesale shirts etc. Dress up by the ways of world and eat what you pleaseWhen getting ready for new day its all about looking fresh and feeling energetic. stuffing up in a fine manner and carrying it all with gentleness is what actually recites the personality and the real you. Styles change every season so there is no point in limiting and sticking to one style but its always better to experiment wisely. The dressing style of Men The clothing styles change every season but there is one constant touch that unleashes the kind of taste you have. When it comes to mens clothing its important that the color are right and same goes for the cuts.There are a few basic colors that actually suit men these include blue, black, white, grey, cream etc. Another vital tip for dressing will be to iron your clothes every time you wear them. When dressing up its not just about clothes but accessories as well. For that ideal look its important to always have a few things like watch, tie, pen, cuff link and tie pin. Once equipped with all above and a corroborative attitude you are all set to rule the world. The dressing style for Women Dressing correctly is most confusing for women. Be it casuals or formal the only secret to look just right is to be graceful.Although a few rules are standard for both men and women but still they have a wider range to choose from. When dressing up for a normal day its better to sport a simple look accompanied with a few accessories. A light make up with a serene identity is the idea to unite all the positively charged energies and bring out the confidence. More than any thing else it is mandatory no matter what you wear it should be comfortable because your wardrobe exactly portrays you individual identity. High waist or low waist only thing that matters is to be able to carry it well.All said and done remember be true to yourself. To look trendy and fashionable its not important to change your wardrobe with every season what matters is to a ctually feel trendy. Shopping Tips Shopping is one of the most favorite hobbies for both men and women. It is regarded as a stress buster activity. Despite of its soothing temperament shopping can be troublesome at time so here are a few tips that guide you to enjoy the entire experience. Most importantly you should be dressed casually so that you can easily take off and put back in the dressing room. If you are not the firm kind and you annot decide by yourself, remember to take a friend with you who can guide you well on what actually suits you. Until you are not shopping for pleasure remember to make a list of it all and shop only for the things that you need. Keep trying new styles you never know what suits you until you have an experience you might affect yourself. The best way to make sure that something is comfortable is to actually try it well. When you are about to buy something move you arms and sit down that will give you a better idea of whether it is worth buyi ng or not. With all the above ideas and tips now you are all set to buy just the right lothing and that too without any inconvenience. So, Get ready and get spill How to buy? Find the Item the website has been designed in a very user friendly manner with all the motley done all you need to do is to choose from the categories and order the product. Keyword count in case, you are looking for a particular dress type the item code ore a bit of its verbal description you can access the item using the search option. Learn about the item you found Before you actually buy the product make sure that you have all the details of the product like Item no. Its description Order no. Price Images Shipping and Payment Details go for sure that you have read the details of the product and the Payment information and other Shipping Instructions. New Arrivals Montecarlo Ladies Collection 08-09 Monte Carlo the flagship brand of Oswal Woollen Mills hasUnveiled its s/s 08-09 collection. Dedicat ed to women are three lines. &8212 Alice in Wonderland, Uber dona and the New Proportions All the three collections are done by keeping one thing in preview, that it should be for every women,be her a college going girl or ur home maker.Alices Wonderland inspired knit collection embodies design , bright patterns and prints , with soft material and dynamic cuts, colorful threads. Tees in multi-colors and stripes also take their own place. twists are rich and aristocrat , cardinal reds , majestic purples with off whites and soft ekrus. Browns , turqs and theatrical performance fucias ginger with light peach, sophisticated rose accents , contrast dusky time of origin pinks. Uberdona A desire for beauty and all the finer things in life. This companionship collection offers a range of kurtis crafted with extreme fineness and embellished with pearls and shells , metals and threads , flow rate fabrics.The New Proportions A casual daywear an interplay of clean cut silhouettes , past els and earthy colors , fine cottons and minimal embroidered patternsPick a shirts or a tunic to dress down for effortlessly stylish daywear and it make sure to steal u a second glance. The trousers are baggy . Tastefully selected pieces lend infinity and opulence to fashion thats what Monte Carlo s / s 09 collection is all about. Price range Rs 345 onwards u cant resist it Available Monte Carlos exclusive stores and MBOs. MonteCarlo Trousers Monte carlo offer moreA perfect timeless look which shines you apart from the crowd. A perfect blend of premium fibres which gives the monte carlo trouser a uniqueness of its own. In the season we present you a complete range of stylish chinos , edgy linens ,premium cotton lends bio-polished for a peach skin finish will give an extra smooth feel. The enzyme and silicon in these trousers makes the fabric extremely soft ideal and anti crush makes you feel beginning the day even at the end. A complete gracious range which starts from Rs 699 Rs 1495. This season Monte Carlo has introduced its new LEXUS(miracle cotton) Wrinkle free Cotton(trousers). hich is made of 2 ply100s calcium PIMA cotton to give premium lustre and strength, Ultra light, high density, fabric with resin coating makes it a perfect non-iron trouser. New colour tuck in technology to keep colour fresh &038 bright wash afyer wash. For trashy look there is multi pocket cargos with different washes. And the Cargo range for men comprises of multi pocket cargos with detailing of snaps, velcros and zippers. Garments are treated with ultra enzyme wash and softeners to provide a trendy washed look and soft hand to the garment to increase the wearing comfort.Canterbury Monte Carlos Canterbury is a premium brand that delivers elegance, soft luxury and creativity in intrinsic patterns and styles for those who settle for zipper but the best. The collection liberally uses superior quality of pure gold wool in fine count of eighteen micron. This makes the wooll ens lightweight and extremely warm. These garments have an excellent hand feel, drape gracefully and fit absolutely on all body types. The Cantebury collections introduced every season pullovers and cardigans in 100 % pure cashmere wool and cash wool for both men and women.The excite Canterbury range has exclusive designs that come in unique colour combinations. The designs comprises of intarsia guiltless argyles (diamonds shapes) and patterns of checks. Single colour self structure with links and transfers. The collection is available in fusion of urban neutral colours with a prepotency of shades in blue devils, in evergreen greys, the elegance of beiges and brown, dull blues and the bright hues of turquoise. The fall winter 2009-10 collection has more than seventy designs on offer for its customers. Monte Carlo Its the way you make me feel Brand Monte Carlo Company Oswal Woolen Mills LtdpicMonteCarlo is a premium knit wear brand in India. Launched in 1984, this brand is domin ating the plenty + Class segment winter cloth market. Oswal has around 50% market share in this segment. With the booming retail sector driving the growth of Readymade clothing in India (estimated to be to the tune of Rs40 bn) no one can resist extending their brand to readymades. That is exactly what MonteCarlo is doing now. MonteCarlo ( which is a super brand) has similarity with Color Plus (discussed in previous blog) in that it created a market for itself in a category that was dominated by lesser known brands.Monte Carlo was cautious in brand building and the ads were catchy and theme oriented. Since I am in South India where there is little market for woolen clothes, still the ads shown in national channels used to excite me. The ads were full of feel good factors with great models and excellent imagery. All the ads had Romance and two people discovering a relationship. The print ads were like that of ColorPlus gave a premium touch to the brand. It is said that most of the earlier models of this brand are now superstars including Mallika Sherawat, Arjun Rampal to name a few.Monte Carlo is promoted with the baseline Its the way you make me feel. The catchy point of the TVC s is the music which always set the tone for the message. The brand is still communicated along the same themes since two decades. The company spent lot of effort in making sure that the premiumness is not lost in campaigns. This is going to pay rich dividend when the brand is getting into the competitive world of every day wear. The brand was extended to T shirts in 1999 with the brand Summerz. In 2001, the brand forayed into everday wear market under the sub brands Wonderhugs and Trouserz and introduced ladies wear in 2003.This year saw the national launch of cotton wears from Monte Carlo. The company was carefully ramping up the distribution and retail strategies to ensure that this brand succeed. The price range of readymades is in line with the premium brands like Van Heusan and Louis Philippe. So Monte Carlo can expect some serious competition. With the kind of victory this brand had in the winter wear market, it is reasonable to believe that Monte Carlo has the potential to be a Color Plus. Hope that the brand will be built along the same themes that made it successful. REVIEW OF LITERATUREOswal Woolen Mills NAHAR GROUP, established in 1949 surges ahead to establish it self as a reputed industrial conglomerate with a wide ranging portfolio from Spinning, Knitting, Fabric, Hosiery Garments etc. Out of total production, 60% of the production is dedicated to exports and the rest 40% for domestic market. The production facility has been awarded ISO 90012000. OWM is the flagship company of the glorious Oswal Empire and a proud owner of widely loved Super Brands in Knitwear, Monte Carlo and Canterbury. The company boasts of a product range that is truly large and varied.They include diverse types of Woollen, Acrylic and Synthetic Blended Yarns, Lambs Wool Ya rn, Woollen Viscose &038 Acrylic Tops, Textile Fabric, Woollen Knitwear, Hosiery &038 Cotton Garments The knitting industry in India can be classified into following groups 1. Hosiery knitting for undergarments 2. Flat knitting for sweaters and winter garments 3. Socks knitting for socks and stockings 4. Warp knitting for dresses, furnishings and industrial applications In the recent times, knitting sector has undergone enormous modifications that have resulted in an increase in efficiency, ease of operations, use of computer aided esigning etc. The various reasons for the growth of knitting industry are as follows 1. The capital investment for starting a new knitting unit is relatively small than that required for other fabric producing industries. 2. High productivity and very low preparatory process as compared to weaving. 3. More flexible and easy changeover of styles and designs to keep up with the frequent fashion changes in apparel market. 4. Knitted fabrics are comfortable and are in tune with the time. 5. Knitwear dont require ironing and thus it gives people a carefree feeling while traveling etc. 6.Low labour cost per unit as compared to weaving. 7. Wider scope of designing in a knitting machine at a lower cost as compared to weaving. traditionally pure wool was more commonly used for knitted fabrics. But its cost being very high and production being very low, it could not meet the requirements of the increasing population. Due to these constraints, the use of acrylic and other noncostlier fibres like jute have overshadowed wool in the knitting sector. Optimal utilisation of the manufacturing capacities of the industry is required to face the global challenge in terms of quantity and price in the post WTO quota regime.Most of the hosiery/knitwear manufacturing units in India are in the small-scale sector. India is the lar

Cosmetic Surgery Essay

Cosmetic Surgery is a widely accredited practice among hands and wowork force. You can stomach anything do to yourself-importance as recollective as you bring forth the money. With the advance custodyt in todays technology, more than custody and wo manpower are flocking to have expensive enhancive results do. The per centumage of men and women getting few type of process done to themselves are drastically different. Women have the highest heel on the chart for having nonfunctional surgical operation and men dont even come close to their numbers. Men and women divide the same types of operation standardised breast augmentation, liposuction, botulinum toxin A and even laser hairs-breadth removal. Teenagers are slowly starting to climb the charts more all course.The norm age for teenagers are amidst 16-18 years old. Teenage girls and boys go for procedures like microdermabrasion, chemical peels and jab jobs. Some quite a little believe that it is disgraceful to have surgery to change your appearance duration other people believe that it is all powerful to have a tattoo. What is the struggle amongst having surgery to change a defect in your appearance and having a tattoo? There is no difference, one can be take a way of life and the other can non. Every year, the average American spends jillions of dollars on the many different types of augmentative procedures available.Many women would like to have surgery done to intensify the weigh of their bodies. Most women go through the agonizing pain of surgery for a needed boost in their self confidence. What do you cop when you look in the mirror? For most women, they see imperfection and way of sustenance for improvement. Often judgment of convictions people try to change themselves in order to pretend others happy. Cosmetic Surgery is so commonplace with the average American, it makes you wonder what our society will look like in 10 years. The most common surgical procedures d one for women are Breast augmentation, and Liposuction. In the year 2007, more than 399,440 women had a breast augmentation and 398,848 women had liposuction ( Mann 2007). Another type of nonfunctional procedure people have done are non-surgical procedures.Non-surgical plain content aesthetics are not necessary to be used in order to have the surgery done. Hyaluronic acid treatments, and botulinum toxin A were the most ordinary non-surgical procedures for women. Hyaluronic is just a fancy word for skin treatments or acne treatments. Botox procedures essentially paralyze the muscles in the face to eliminate wrinkles and lines in patients by preventing the muscles from contracting (Sommerfeld 2007). The number of non-surgical procedures women have done are dramatically higher(prenominal) than surgical procedures simply because they are more affordable. Over 2,775,176 women have had Botox injections and over 1,448,716 have had some type of skin treatment done (Mann 2007).Not u n little are women wanting to change their appearance, men have also jumped on the band wagon. Men are increasingly ever-changing the things they do not like to see. Men and women between the ages of 35 and 50 had the most enhancive procedures in 2007, a lot of them being men because it is around the time they are going through their mid life crisis. In the earlier years, men were not as concerned most the way they looked, the way they smelled or the fact that they were going bald. With the influx of women coworkers in the job force men have become more self conscious active their looks. The better you look the more attention you receive. The cardinal main surgical procedures men have done every year are liposuction and rhinoplasty.In the year 2008, more than 31,453 men had liposuction done on themselves to appear thinner to the opposite sex, and over 30,174 men changed their facial appearances by getting rhinoplasty done ( ASAPS 2007). The top Non-surgical procedures men have done are Botox and Laser hair removal. Ironically, art object some men are having hair removed from one part of their bodies, they are having hair transplanted to another part of their bodies. Hair transplants are another surgical procedure that is used widely among men and women. Men who are balding and have receding hair lines are having hair put back in order to look and feel younger. Over 225,099 men have sure Botox injections and 309,692 men have had laser hair removal on some part of their body ( ASAPS 2007).Cosmetic Surgery is not further for adults, teenagers are jumping at every opportunity that comes along. Due to the parents having so much augmentative surgery done, they are influencing their teenagers saying it is all right to have augmentative surgery if you do not like the way you look. The most popular procedures for teenagers were Laser hair removal, Microdermabrasion, chemical peel, ear reshaping, and Rhinoplasty. Of those enhancive procedures, 2 out of th e 5 were actual surgical procedures ( Mann 2007). There is a difference between having cosmetic surgery to enhance your appearance and having cosmetic surgery to reconstruct a cleft lip, big ears and a collapsed nose. Having reconstructive surgery can benefit a child immensely simply by bringing up their self-esteem. In todays society, some children ridicule other children whos facial features are unattractive or physically impaired.The long-term physical and emotional phenomenon of many popular cosmetic surgeries, including implants and liposuction are unknown ( Zuckerman 2005). Teenagers are unaware of the health risks they face prevalent by going tanning, smoking and drinking. Even though teenagers dont want to accept the fact that tanning is bad for you health, they do not realize that tanning can actually lead to more cosmetic surgery not to mention skin cancer and wrinkles. Cigarettes and drinking make young adults prematurely age in their facial features making them look old er than they really are causing another reason for cosmetic surgery. If they are unaware or choose not to pay attention to these risks thusly they are less likely to pay attention to the risks of cosmetic surgery ( Zuckerman 2005).In 2007, Americans spent more than $13.2 billion on cosmetic procedures alone. Of that $13.2 billion, $8.3 billion was spent on surgical cosmetic procedures, while $4.7 billion was spent on non-surgical procedures (Mann 2007). According to the American Society for Aesthetic charge card Surgery, the number of cosmetic surgery procedures has jumped 457% since they began gathering these statistics in 1997. Over 11.7 million cosmetic surgical and non-surgical procedures were practiceed in the United States, of those procedures, 91% were performed on women. (Mann,2007). That is a whopping 10.6 million procedures done a year, an increase of 1 percent since 2006 ( Mann 2007).Before, men would stand by and let the women get all the cosmetic changes done to them selves and now they are slowly being put on the map. In fact, men had 9% of cosmetic procedures done in 2007, with the number of total procedures increasing 17 percent since 2006, to just over 1 million ( Mann 2007). Teens aging from 16 to 18 years old had less than 2% of the cosmetic surgery procedures. Either this information is not complete to be put on its own chart, or it is already incorporated with the men and women.With the expense of having surgery and all the recovery time you have to take, it makes you wonder how far a person is willing to go for happiness. Some people think getting surgery is disgraceful and immoral, while others think it is all right to have a tattoo. What is the difference between having a tattoo and having a nose job? The only difference would be that, a tattoo can be removed while some of the surgical procedures people get cannot. They are for life, you cannot undo what you already did if you do not like the outcome. Every day more men and women are spending thousands of dollars fixing things they do not like about themselves. They are letting their children know that it is all right to have surgery because they are not developing fast enough, or get their nose done because its too big.I have nothing against the doctors that perform these surgeries, it is their job. With out these specific doctors, we would not be able to survive in the cruel world we live in today. They are here to facilitate those of us who really need it, and help those who want it. Does having cosmetic surgery truly make you feel better about yourself, does it make you cessation better to know that you can try to look like psyche your not? Does having surgery on the outside make people like you better, even though you are the same person on the intimate? Either way you look at it, having cosmetic surgery only changes what you look like on the outside, and if this does not make your self-esteem higher, then your problem goes much deeper than surgery .Mann, D. (2007) Statistics on Cosmetic Surgery from ASAPS. Retrieved March 26, 2009, from http//www.yourplasticsurgeryguide.com/trends/charts-graphs.htmAmerican Society For Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. (2009). Liposuction no longer the most popular surgical procedure according to new statistics. Retrieved March 26, 2009, from http//www.earthtimes.org/article/ depict/liposuction-no-longer-the-most,750221.shtmlSommerfeld, J. (2002). Liposuction Safety Concerns Assuages. Retrieved April10, 2009, from http//www.nowfoundation.org/issues/health/whp/whp_fact1.htmlZuckerman, D. (2005). Teenagers and Cosmetic Surgery. Retrieved April 10, 2009, from http//www.ourbodiesourselves.org/book/companion.asp?compid=102&id=1