Ethical Health Care Issues Essay

According to Womens Health Resource (2011) titmouse crab louse is a serious issue that allow for affect or so every women worldwide, either directly as someone diagnosed with pubic louse, or indirectly through the illness of a loved one( Home, para. 1). In the united States white meat crab louse is the found in women in their early mid-twenties and thirties. These individuals are more prone to detractor preemptcer because she has a family score of converge cancer. In 2006, approximately 212, 920 new cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed in the United States (Womens Health Resource, 2011). The case scenario below leave behind discuss good and legal issues regarding a female tolerant with breast cancer, which refuses word for breast cancer. Additionally, the scenario leave cover the following four ethical beliefs enjoy for persons/autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence that relates to the case scenario (Bishop, 2003).Case ScenarioA 25-year-old female forbearing make an appointment with her primary guardianship physician because she discovered a thump on her breast. She went to her appointment with her primary kick physician the following day. The physician examined her breast and discovered a lump on her breast, so he do a referral for her to see an oncologist in which can diagnose her if she has breast cancer. An oncologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnoses and intervention cancer (The Denise Roberts disparager cancer Foundation, 2009). The following are the three main types of oncologist medical oncologist, radiation syndrome oncologist, and surgical oncologist, which can practice in hospitals and research centers. The female unhurried can make an appointment with the oncologist in which he will declare well-nigh her condition and disparate types of treatments available to her in which can shrink her chance of death as well give birth a biopsy. The biopsy will determine if she has breas t cancer. The ethical issues are very clear, and they are extol for autonomy and beneficence. Additionally, the legal or ethical article of beliefs involved with breast cancer are no different from any(prenominal) other medicaltreatment/intervention.Autonomy and Informed ConsentAs stated by Bishop (2003), respect for persons/autonomy is that a physician acknowledges a persons rightfield to make choices, to hold views, and take actions based on personal values, and beliefs (p. 7). In order for an adult to refuse treatment, he or she must be legally and mentally capable by meeting the following criteria 18 years or older, understands the nature of the condition, and voluntary. Additionally, parents with children under the age of 18 nominate the right to consent to treatment as well refusing treatment for his or her child. As recognized by Miller et al. (2000), physicians have a lesson and legal obligation to comply with a longanimouss voluntary, sensible refusal of vivificati on sustaining treatment, disregarding of a physician judgment concerning the medical or moral appropriateness of this.In the case of the 25-year-old female persevering with breast cancer she rejected medical treatment and was set forthed by the oncologist about the terminal illness. Death is seen as failure, rather than an Copernican part of life (Smith, 2000). A conflict can arise with the patient role because of the decision she made about not receiving bang, which can likely end her life. The oncologist is obligated to inform or educate the patient about breast cancer, benefits of treatments, and risks involved with no treatment. The following are treatment options for cancer patients lumpectomy, mastectomy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical reconstructive memory (Womens Health Resource, 2011). Although a physician can suggest benefits of any type of treatment the patient has the freedom to choose if he or she wants the treatment as well as ensuring the patient u nderstand his or her own condition.When a patient refuses treatment for breast cancer or any medical condition, the issue of autonomy becomes difficult because of the serious health consequences. The health anxiety headmaster will offer the patient different options for treatment when this occurs. As stated before the physician should consult with the patient about his or her decision because nurses have ethics and codes of conduct in which he or she must follow. Nurses must commission for patients while victorious sympathize with of him or her aswell as respecting and supporting the patient rights to decline treatment at anytime (Stringer, 2009). Medical professionals should respect the autonomy of patient decisions because it is a critical in the health vexation industry.BeneficenceRosenthal (2006), the principle of beneficence means that the health care houser must put up the well-being of patients and avoid wrong them. Once a patient refuses treatment the health care p rofessional must communicate the harm associated with no treatment for his or her condition. This can play a major grapheme in how beneficence and maleficence is judged. When a patient has breast cancer and refuses treatment there is not another alternative option for the patient. During this principle the health care professional should ensure that he or she is maximizing possible benefits for the patients and minimizing harm when dealing with treatments. The health care professional can suggest certain treatments but the patient does not have to turn around any care for his or her condition. When this occurs the physician will focus on different conflict resolutions for the care as well as services. A health care professional job is to offer tint of care to the patient in which he or she will benefit from the medical treatment.During this principle, the health care professional will act with compassion when communicate the patient about the potential benefits and risks for any medical condition. A patient is reliant upon the health care professional for someone who is caring and spontaneous to share in the responsibility as well as treating him or her with dignity and respect. The 25-year-old female does not want treatment in which makes it awkward for the oncologist to provide quality of care during the consultation and care.Non-maleficenceRosenthal (2006), during this principle, the health care provider ought to strive not to inflict harm to a patient, a fate also seen as a duty not to refrain from aiding a patient. In addition, this principle will coincide with beneficence because it is reducing the harm to any patientalthough a patient refuses care/treatment. The health care professional is obligated to help the patients to the best of his or her ability by providing benefits, protecting the patients interest, and promoting welfare. Additionally, how, and what the health care professional does for a patient should have greater chance of benefiting the patient than harming the patient. This is done by risk benefit analyses, where the health care professional can conduct research on the condition and different medications. The health care professional should explain any side effects for treatments as well as medications that the patient will become knowledgeable about options for his or her condition. justiceThe principle of justice means to treat others equitably, distribute benefits/burdens fairly (Bishop, 2003). In addition, it is very important for the health care professional to keep a patient informed about treatments and he or she should not provide misinformation to the patient. A major issue with this principle is economic barriers can interpose with a patient when trying to receive treatment and medication. The health care organization is required to provide services/care to a patient regardless of health care coverage, especially the uninsured In addition, the incision should that all patients are treated equally regardless of age, race, and ethnicity. Additionally, this principle will focus on justice, which will provide care/treatment regardless of the patient demographics or ethical issues he or she encounters with the health care professional. During this principle, the patient is treated with dignity and respect even though he or she refused care/treatment for any medical condition.ConclusionRefusal of care is one of the most common ethical dilemmas in the health care industry, which is often difficult to resolve when his or her well-being is threaten. The health care professional must determine, which aspects of autonomy, beneficence, justice, and non-maleficence a patient want before providing care. Administrators in spite of appearance a medical facility mustexamine the following inherent issues competence of a patient, the eminence between apparent, and real refusal of care (Michels, 1981). A physician has the legal duty to provide and ensure the patient with adequate information about treatment and care when he or she is at the facility. Additionally, an ethical dilemma will exist because of a patients right will conflict with a physician obligation of providing quality of care to an individual. This was the case with the 25-year-old female with breast cancer.ReferencesBishop, L. (2003). Ethics Background. Kennedy Institute of Ethics. Retrieved on June 8, 2011from http//www.nwabr.org/education/pdfs/PRIMER/Background.pdfMichels, R. (1981). The Right to Refuse Treatment good Issues. American PsychiatricAssociation, 32(1), 251-255.Miller, F., Fins, J., & Snyder, L. (2000). Assisted suicide compared with refusal of treatment avalid distinction?.Annals of Internal Medicine, 132(6), 470-475.Rosenthal, S. M. (2006). Patient Misconceptions and Ethical Challenges in Radioactive Iodinescan and Therapy. Journal if Nuclear Medicine Technology, 34( 3), 143-150.Smith, R. (2000). A good death an important aim for health services and for us all. . BritishMedical Journal, 320(7228), 129-130.Stringer, S. (2009). Ethical issues involved in patient refusal of life-saving treatment. CancerNursing Practice, 8(3), 30-33.The Denise Roberts Breast Cancer Foundation . (2009). What is an Oncologist? Retrieved June17, 2011 from http//www.tdrbcf.org/oncologist/index.htmlWomens Health Resource. (2011). Breast Cancer. Retrieved on June 17, 2011 fromhttp//www.wdxcyber.com/breast_home.html