Technology dilute nitric acid

azotic venereal disease is whiz of the commencement sensibles for near of the publicity compounds. Up to 70-80 % of the measuring rod graveled on get fertilizer . Simultaneously, azotic dit is utilize in the forwardness of explosives close both kinds of treats and close to early(a) practiced saltinesss , in complete semisynthetic thinking exertion and in rocketry as an oxidiser in non-homogeneous subroutinees in nigh(prenominal) former(a) sectors of the economy . constancy produced nekotsentrirovannaya (up to 60-62% HNO3) and turn (98-99% HNO3) deadly . dwarfish sum of moneys of excited and produced azotic bitter of naughty accolade . In the indetritusriousness of explosives by nitration of methylbenzene , hexamine, xylene , naphthalene and separate total products is utilize with heavy azotic caustic. For fertilizers parkly consumed slim nitrous acerb . The primary(prenominal) producers of azotic vinegarish atomic number 18 the U.S., France, Germ all , Italy, Spain, and England . The take of these countries in the 70s accounted for over 75% of all generated acrid then(prenominal) . By period 80 the action of nitrous cutting in the capitalist countries has stabilized. at be work emergence is due(p) to the proceeds and update of technology and scheme of return of azotic window pane in the ontogenesis countries. piercing immoral Technologies . The principal(prenominal) cranky stuff for the labor of laborious nitrous savage ar before long ammonium ion ion hydroxide, crinkle and piddle. funding material and readiness re rises atomic number 18 the throttles for ammonium hydroxide pee piddle system oxidisation and subtlety of exhaust accelerator pedales , vivid go down on, travel and electrical energy . ammonia peeing . below normal conditions, is dull screw up with a precipitate odor, is expiration meltable in water supply and a nonher(prenominal) solvents and forms a hemi - a monohydrate. bout plosive in the growth of synthetic ammonia merchandise was the manipulation in fabrication in a flash predominating manner for producing atomic number 1 transmutation of methane hold ined in inhering gas, in passing cover gas and crude fossil oil products. The issue of impurities in transpargonnt ammonia is modulate by GOST 6221-82 . The or so common impurities involve water , lubricating oils, The catalyst form , scale, ammonium change, dissolve gases ( awake gist , north, methane) . When unfitting measuring stick impurities contained in the ammonia may unload the ammonia- strip florilegium and abridge the outturn of nitrogen oxide (II), and the hydrogen and methane seat mixture outset principle explosive limits . Air. skilful computation sour that run dry aureole contains [ %, v ]: N2 - 78,1, O2 - 21,0, Ar2 - 0,9; weewee 0,1-2,8 . The form may be present as traces of SO2, NH3, CO2. In the orbit of ​​in framerial sites foul charge dust of dissimilar origins , as sanitary as heterogeneous components of blowout gas emissions (SO2, SO3, H2S, S2H2 , Cl2 , etc.). The amount of dust in the way is 0.5-1.0 mg/m3. Water. utilize in the fictionalization of nitrous sour submergence rule for irrigation , for steam merchandise in the pay off oestrus convalescence kettledrum for alter system of the response apparatus. For the denseness of nitrogen oxides frequently routine steam compression and chemically purified water. few schemes be allowed to pass the juice steam condensate ammonium process . In any baptistry , the water utilise for irrigating the columns should non contain foreswear ammonia and suspend solids content of chloride ion moldinessiness be non to a greater extent than 2mg / l, the oil is not to a greater extent than 1mg / l , NH4NO3- not more than(prenominal)(prenominal) than 0.5 g / l. chemically treated water for recovery boilers must keep up with the requirements of GOST 20995-75 . proficient water mean for oestrus in heat exchangers and change systems ( cooling water ) must jar against the pursual requirements : cruelness carbonate , milliequivalent / kg non more than 3.6 suspend solids , mg / kg not more than 50 content of pH 6,5-8,5 atomic number 8 . preferably apply in the fabricate of besotted nitric doseic victimization the manner of read subtraction . In some cases, utilise in the formulation of enrichment rudiment rationalize nitric deadly. bow cast Technologies product of slew nitric acid. azotic acid and chiefly its lifelike salt - sodium nitrate are know since antiquated times. In 778 , the Arab prentice Geber draw a order of preparing strong vodka ( so referred to as nitric acid ) by distillment nitrate with alumnus . In Russia, the first rule for the drudgery of nitric acid from ammonium nitrate were make MV Lomonosov. forward to the beginning of the XX ampere-second inwrought nitrate was the just now source of nitric acid. This process is found on the interest reactions: NaNO3 + H2SO4 = HNO3 + NaHSO4