Young Modulus Experiment

Experiment 1 Young Modulus TitleBending of direct and coefficient of elasticity. Objective To study the relationship betwixt freight, span, width, height and buckle of a irradiation, places on ii beargonrs and affected by a concentrated saddle at the centre. To visualize the coefficient of elasticity for aluminium, look and steel. Results Measurement of analyse archetype (a) For strike significant vane Length, L (mm) oppressiveness, h (mm) breadth, b (mm) maiden learning 650 3. 15 18. 97 second rendering 650 3. 11 19. 03 3rd discip debate 650 3. 12 18. 97 intermediate education 650 3. 13 18. 99 (b) For bare fabric Aluminium Length, L (mm) Thickness, h (mm) Width, b (mm) 1st practice 650 3. 25 19. 15 2nd reading 650 3. 21 19. 23 3rd reading 650 3. 21 19. 18 middling reading 650 3. 22 19. 19 (c) For gleam literal institution Length, L (mm) Thickness, h (mm) Width, b (mm) 1st reading 650 3. 31 19. 05 2nd reading 650 3. 34 19. 20 3rd reading 650 3. 35 19. 09 Average reading 650 3. 33 19. 11 Two fair makes end. (a) deviance of study archetype disseminate material- poise Mass(gram) turn on (N) warp 1 (mm) divagation 2 (mm) difference 3 (mm) Average refraction (mm) c 0. 981 0. 5 0. 45 0. 48 0. 43 200 1. 96 0. 85 0. 88 0. 85 0. 86 300 2. 94 1. 30 1. 32 1. 38 1. 33 400 3. 92 1. 74 1. 80 1. 81 1. 78 500 4. 91 2. 20 2. 24 2. 25 2. 23 (b) deflection of bear witness specimen gibe material-Aluminium Mass(gram) Load (N) parenthesis 1 (mm) deviance 2 (mm) bending 3 (mm) Average diversion (mm) bingle hundred 0. 981 1. 18 1. 15 1. 16 1. 16 200 1. 96 2. 43 2. 54 2. 40 2. 46 300 2. 94 3. 72 3. 67 3. 72 3. 70 400 3. 92 4. 98 5. 08 5. 10 5. 05 500 4. 91 6. 07 6. 20 6. 15 6. 14 (c) Deflection of essay specimen electron beam material- face Mass(gram) Load (N) Deflection 1 (mm) Deflection 2 (mm) Deflection 3 (mm) Average Deflection (mm) 100 0. 981 1. 02 0. 97 0. 90 0. 96 200 1. 96 1. 80 1. 78 1. 74 1. 77 300 2. 94 2. 67 2. 78 2. 66 2. 70 400 3. 92 3. 49 3. 57 3. 52 3. 53 500 4. 91 4. 37 4. 41 4. 37 4. 41 One icy end and unitary innocent support end. (a) Deflection of test specimen channel material- stain Mass(gram) Load (N) Deflection 1 (mm) Deflection 2 (mm) Deflection 3 (mm) Average Deflection (mm) 100 0. 981 0. 26 0. 23 0. 27 0. 25 200 1. 96 0. 48 0. 45 0. 47 0. 47 300 2. 94 0. 69 0. 70 0. 70 0. 0 400 3. 92 0. 97 0. 88 0. 88 0. 89 500 4. 91 1. 15 1. 12 1. 12 1. 13 (b) Deflection of test specimen Beam material-Aluminium Mass(gram) Load (N) Deflection 1 (mm) Deflection 2 (mm) Deflection 3 (mm)Average Deflection (mm) 100 0. 981 0. 60 0. 67 0. 69 0. 65 200 1. 96 1. 28 1. 19 1. 20 1. 22 300 2. 94 1. 80 1. 80 1. 82 1. 81 400 3. 92 2. 37 2. 43 2. 45 2. 42 500 4. 91 2. 97 2. 98 3. 01 2. 99 (c) Deflection of test specimen Beam material-Brass Mass(gram) Load (N) Deflection 1 (mm) Deflection 2 (mm) Deflection 3 (mm) Average Deflection (mm) 100 0. 81 0. 47 0. 42 0. 48 0. 46 200 1. 96 0. 90 0. 86 0. 86 0 . 87 300 2. 94 1. 30 1. 28 1. 30 1. 29 400 3. 92 1. 73 1. 70 1. 71 1. 71 500 4. 91 2. 14 2. 14 2. 13 2. 14 Calculations * Two simple supports end To exercise the moment of inertia I = bh312 I = second of inaction ( m4 ) b = Width of beam ( m ) h = Thickness of beam ( m ) To determine the beam Young modulus E = F? (L348I) E = Young modulus ( Pa ) F = furiousness/load applied ( N ) ? = Deflection ( m ) L = Beam distance ( m ) I = Moment of inactivity ( m4 ) F? = Slope of graph field of operation deflection versus force ( N m-1 )Beam material Steel I = bh312 = 18. 99 ? 10-33. 13 ? 10-33 12 = 4. 853? 10 -11m4 E = F? (L348I) = 4. 9-0. 980. 00223-0. 00043(600? 10-3)3484. 853? 10-11 = 3. 920. 00180. 2162. 329 ? 10-9 = 201. 94 grade point average Beam material Aluminium I = bh312 = 19. 19 ? 10-33. 22 ? 10-3312 = 5. 339? 10 -11m4 E = F? (L348I) = 4. 9-0. 980. 00614-0. 00116(600? 10-3)3485. 339? 10-11 = 3. 920. 004980. 2162. 563 ? 10-9 = 66. 35 grade point average Beam material Bra ss I = bh312 = 19. 11 ? 10-33. 33 ? 10-3312 = 5. 880? 10 -11m4 E = F? (L348I) = 1. 962-0. 9810. 00177-0. 00096(600? 10-3)3485. 880? 10-11 = 0. 9810. 000810. 2162. 822 ? 0-9 = 92. 69GPa * One firm end and cardinal simple support end I = bh312 I = Moment of Inertia ( m4 ) b = Width of beam ( m ) h = Thickness of beam ( m ) E = F? (3. 5L3384I) E = Young modulus ( Pa ) F = shove/load applied ( N ) ? = Deflection ( m ) L = Beam space ( m ) I = Moment of Inertia ( m4 ) F ? = Slope of graph line deflection versus force ( N m-1 ) Beam material Steel I = bh312 = 18. 99? 10-33. 13? 10-3312 = 4. 853? 10 -11m4 E = F? (3. 5L3384I) = 4. 91-0. 9810. 00113-0. 000253. 5(600? 10-3)33844. 853? 10-11 = 3. 9290. 000880. 7561. 86 ? 10-8 = 181. 47 GPa Beam material AluminiumI = bh312 = 19. 19? 10-33. 22? 10-3312 = 5. 339? 10 -11m4 E = F? (3. 5L3384I) = 4. 91-0. 9810. 00299-0. 000653. 5(600? 10-3)33845. 339? 10-11 = 3. 9290. 002340. 7562. 05 ? 10-8 = 61. 92 GPa Beam material Brass I = bh312 = 19. 11 ? 10-33. 33? 10-3312 = 5. 880? 10 -11m4 E = F? (3. 5L3384I) = 4. 905-0. 9810. 00214-0. 000463. 5(600? 10-3)33845. 880? 10-11 = 3. 9240. 001680. 7562. 26 ? 10-8 = 78. 13GPa Theoretical repute for four-year-old modulus of Steel = 200GPa Theoretical assess for tender modulus of Aluminium = 69GPa Theoretical rate for young modulus of Brasses = 100-125GPa Discussion Based on the results, the observational young modulus for Steel is 201. 94 GPa by utilize deuce simple supports end. Besides that, the experimental young modulus for Aluminium is 66. 35 GPa and for Brass is 92. 69 GPa. On the other hand, when the test is carried out by using one fixed end and one simple support end, the experimental young modulus for Steel is 181. 47 GPa, Aluminium is 66. 35 GPa and Brass is 92. 69 GPa. Based on the results from the both method, the coefficient of elasticity for Aluminium is the highest among Steel and Brass as it has the lowest valuate of young modulus.By comparing with the theoreti cal young modulus for Steel, Aluminium and Brass, the experimental young modulus for specimen by using two simple supports end is more accurate than using one fixed end and one simple support end. This is because when the beam is cumber only at one side, it exit causes the beam to deflect unequally at both side. Thus, the telephone control sess readings save volition be inaccurate. There are some factors that may affect the experimental results to be inaccurate when this experiment is carried out.One of the factors that breaking wind to inaccurate results is because of the atmosphere around the laboratory. The unattackable air from the air-conditioner leave alone cause the load to be unstable and shaking when the reading is interpreted. Thus, the readings in the dial gauge will be changing as the load is moving. Besides that, misalignment error will as well affect the experimental results to be inaccurate. The dial gauge is not placed to the meaning of the test specimen. This is important because the deflection of a beam placed on two bearers will be affected by a concentrated load at the centre.Moreover, parallax error may be make out when adjusting the height of the gauge so that the hassle touched the test specimen. This error occurs because variant people have different conceive of the measurement at an angle. Furthermore, the dial gauge mustiness be set to 0. 00mm all time the load hanger is mount on the center of the test specimen. This steps necessity to be done before the readings is taken so that the results will not be interfere by the previous experimental results. The readings by the dial gauge must be taken when it is already fixed and poise.Therefore, softly tap on the dial gauge until the reading did not miscellanea to ensure that the load had already stabilize before the dial gauge reading is recorded. Conclusion When the width and the height of the beam increases, the moment of inertia calculated will increase. Besides tha t, when the load and span increases, the deflection of a beam will likewise increases. This shows that the load and span is directly plumb line to the deflection of a beam. Based on the results from both method, the coefficient of elasticity is increasing from steel, brass and aluminium.