Initiation Story Essay -- essays papers

Initiation Story "A&P", written by John Updike, is based on a moment in the life of a cashier. He was known as Sammy and he referred to his position in the grocery store as a slot checker. Sammy spent his time watching and wondering about customers. One day, while working, three girls dressed in bikinis entered the store and attracted his attention. He describes the three girls movements and watches them as they roam throughout the store. Eventually, the girls work their way to Sammy's cashier station to purchase the item which they have selected. Then Lengel, the manager of the store, enters and embarrasses the girls for their attire. As a result, Sammy quits his job at the A&P. This short story is an example of an initiation story through its use of characterization and plot. Sammy, the slot checker, at the "A&P" evolved throughout the story. Initially, he was only a cashier who was using his idol time to critique the customers who came passing through. His job was beneath his mental capabilities and so this was the only way he could keep himself bu...

Do you agree with the view that the Beatles “changed the world in the sixties”? Essay

It’s clear from any angle that The Beatles had an incredible impact on the world in the sixties, but I think it’s evident stating they â€Å"changed the world† is going too far, and in actual fact they merely reflected a changing world. Source 18 mentions the view that â€Å"The Beatles changed the world in the sixties†, and it references to some of the contemporary debates from the decade, which the four-man band had an influence on: â€Å"legalization of drugs, the war in Vietnam† and â€Å"traditional and alternate religions†. Ian Inglis also declares them as one of the â€Å"twentieth century’s more significant achievements† which is true to an extent – some of their views and actions on the decades disputes were eye-openers to society. Although, source 18 also makes the comment that the band are â€Å"innovators†, which is supported by source 17’s view they’re not the â€Å"architects† of the â€Å"new youth culture†. This shows it the counter argument: they voiced a shifting world and society. To say the Beatles â€Å"changed the world in the sixties† holds some truth – they were the first band to speak out about the Vietnam War, the first band to openly experiment with alternate religions and criticize other traditional faiths and the only band to publically call for the legalization of marijuana. So source 18’s view that the four men were â€Å"prominent across a wide range of categories† including â€Å"historical, sociological, cultural and musical† and that â€Å"their opinions were sought out, heard and acted on† is obviously evident – especially when relating to the bands protests against the Vietnam War. Perhaps one of the bands most famous demonstrations, in 1965, sent shock waves through the country – the Beatles were the first band to be honored with the nations highest award, but Lennon rejected his to protest against Britain’s involvement in the war with Vietnam. He also coined the renowned phrases â€Å"make love not war† and â€Å"give peace a chance†. It’s obviously apparent that the band voiced and shaped some of the strongest protests against the cruel war – they helped to expose to society how bad the situation was in Vietnam, giving the conflict details higher awareness than before. Without their high profile protests, it’s hard to say how the population would have reacted to the horrifying circumstances of the war, but the Beatles gave them a route to take, they used the population to support their view against conflict and unnecessary deaths, therefore this argues that the band changed the world to manipulate their opinions. Supporting this is the negativity in source 16,Lennon says â€Å"the same idiots are running everything† – his insulting words, aimed at the government, are acceptable considering the war is still current in 1971 when the statement is made, he’s angry at the pointless fighting and deaths- much like the rest of the population. The Beatles involvement with alternate religions made headlines and influenced a higher awareness in the world; therefore this could also argue the view that they changed the world. â€Å"Indian Mysticism† and â€Å"Transcendental Meditation† were two of the faiths they experimented with, however it was their dismissal of the Christian/Catholic belief that was the bigger impact – source 18 supports the idea they made â€Å"significant achievements† in the â€Å"cultural category†. George Harrison was the first member of the band to experiment with a new religion – Hinduism which he took interest in after being handed a book on reincarnation during the filming of â€Å"Help!† in 1965, the other members shortly followed suit. Their choices to explore other faiths and cultures became high profile and famous decisions – 65 reporters followed the four men when they travelled to India in February 1968, where they advanced in meditation classes and followed the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi religion. All of this was new and exciting or shocking to western civilization – no one of high status had done outrageous things like this and therefore it encouraged the more rebellious youth culture to change. Not only did their views on alternate religions make headlines, so did their opinions on traditional faiths. August 1964, the Beatles press officer said the band were â€Å"so anti-Christ they shock me which isn’t an easy thing† – this opinion is furthered by Lennon’s 1970 song â€Å"God† in which he sings â€Å"I don’t believe in Jesus† and â€Å"I don’t believe in Bible†. Also notice the lyrics his 1970 song Imagine, â€Å"imagine there’s no heaven†¦ no hell below us†¦ no religion too†. The sixties was still a time where traditional faith was strong, people went to church every Sunday and the contraceptive pill  was only legalized in 1961 – so for the four men to openly express they’re non-believers, it was shocking. New youth culture would have seen it as an escape to live life with more freedom, as the older and younger generation gap was wider than ever – young people looked up to the band as idols. The famous four lead this contemporary debate more than other factors did – they helped to shape a new younger religious culture, supported by source 17, they made new religion and dismissal of the traditional â€Å"instantly chic for the millions of fans who looked to the group for guidance†. Furthermore, the Beatles drug use was constantly in the press during the sixties – a time where the world learnt more and more about different pills, inhalants and injections. Source 18 states that the Beatles opinions on the â€Å"legalization of drugs† were â€Å"sought out, heard and acted on† – particularly in 1967 when the four young men called for the ‘legalization of marijuana’ through an advertisement in The Times. This was a big thing – it was a fairly new drugs in UK and American culture, before the sixties tobacco and alcohol were the only widespread drugs. Although their plea didn’t work, the advertisement still created higher awareness of the hallucinogenic drug, which encouraged more people to try or use it. In 2004, Paul McCartney admitted they used drugs as an influence to most of their music – including â€Å"Got to Get You in my Life† which was about cannabis and confessed the infamous suspicion that â€Å"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds† was about LSD. By the late sixties the band had managed to change how the youth spent their time – the younger generations now started to hang out in private open areas, listening to their psychedelic rock, growing their hair long, dressing in colourful clothes and taking mind-altering drugs – the hippie era had begun. Although, it seems to me, it’s more evident that the Beatles didn’t â€Å"change the world in the sixties†, but in fact they merely reflected a changing world – this opinion is supported by both source 17 and 18. It’s stated by Allan Kozinn in source 17 that â€Å"although they seemed to be the leaders of the new youth culture, they were by no means its architects† which is also supported in source 18 by the inclusion of the words â€Å"innovators† and â€Å"spokesperson† – these words infer that the four men were imitating original  views and opinions. Source 16 also agrees with this opinion to an extent – Lennon often had a controversial provenance when talking to the media or the press, in this instance he would be saying â€Å"it’s still the same society and world, yet the middle class people follow our stupid ways† which refers to the â€Å"it’s exactly the same†, â€Å"the bourgeois system† and â€Å"we dressed up† comments. Also with Lennon’s statement we have to consider that in 1971 the band had split – this is the same year as the statement was made; therefore it’s going to be negative. Source 17 states that the Beatles had the â€Å"ability to detect trends early† and made them â€Å"instantly chic for millions of fans† – I think it’s evident this was the case for their involvement in the protests against the Vietnam War. The four young men didn’t create the anti-war views and opinions, they already existed among millions of people considering the UK was only just getting better after World War 2, the men simply gave the ideas a louder voice, they catalyzed the protests into the media so larger amounts of people would see and agree. In an interview with Lennon and McCartney, in 1968, they were asked, â€Å"the US has been plagued by the Vietnam War, and the world has been concerned, what’s your views?† in which Lennon replied, â€Å"it’s another piece of insanity.† In the question we can understand that the rest of the world had the same views as the Beatles did, the four men are repeating the views to create higher awareness and support – evidence of media manipulation. Two years earlier, during a press conference in New York, George Harrison made a similar reply to a similar question: â€Å"it’s just war is wrong and it’s obvious it’s wrong† – using the word obvious shows that he knows it’s a widespread opinion. Through all of this we can see that the band weren’t alone on their views and opinions – in fact I think that most of their ideas they will have heard before from their elders. They use their popularity and status to showcase the concerns the public have had for many years, the issue of the Vietnam War is horrifying and disturbing to many of the younger and older generations – most people would want a stop to it straight away, source 18 supports this argument through the words â€Å"innovators† and â€Å"spokespersons†. Arguing this even further is their 1968 song â€Å"Revolution† which includes the lyrics: â€Å"we all want to change the world, you tell me that’s evolution’, this inclusion of the words â€Å"we† and  Ã¢â‚¬Å"you† makes it sound like their voicing the we as the population (including themselves) and the you is the government/constitutions. Musical influences and voices are used again by Lennon in 1971 in his song â€Å"Imagine†: â€Å"imagine there’s no countries†¦ nothing to kill or die for†¦ imagine all the people living in peace†. I don’t think it can be said the Beatles changed the world’s opinion on the Vietnam war – here it’s evident that they all have the same view and they simply gave it media coverage and a larger voice due to their popularity. Again, the argument is strengthened by the fact the Beatles religious views didn’t become widespread, nor did they introduce them to the UK in the first place – their alternate religions and the high profile reports about these different faiths were not the initial introduction of them into British society. Since amendments were made to the ‘British Nationality law’ in the 1940s, people from the commonwealth islands (including India) had been immigrating to the UK for nearly 20 years – this meant that people of the Hindu and other religions had already introduced these faiths into British society and the world was already changing to be more cultural before the Beatles choice to follow them. The band only created higher popularity for these faiths amongst the population. Also their views on Christianity and Catholicism weren’t widely accepted; 1966 John Lennon made the statement the Beatles were â€Å"more popular than Jesus† which created uproar in America, especially in the south that are strong Catholics. Younger generations burned all their merchandise and refused to accept the band as role models again. There was no change here taken place, only rejection of the new – which opposes sources 17 and 18. However source 16 does support this: â€Å"the whole bourgeois system is exactly the same†, Lennon recognizes that they didn’t change the world due to religious or other issues. Despite this, the view that they reflected a changing world is once more reinforced by their drug use mentioned in source 18, which before seemed to be solely created by them – but according to Paul McCartney, they were introduced to drugs, before they became famous, whilst they were in Hamburg. He stated, in 2004, that they â€Å"felt everyone was doing them† and they were â€Å"told to inhale this, but it did nothing for me† when talking about  Benzedrine. This tells us that it wasn’t the Beatles who initiated drug use, but in fact others introduced them to it. Also, relating back to the ‘legalization of marijuana’ advertisement, we have to consider that it also had signatures from sixty-four other celebrities, including the Rolling Stones who were infamous for their drug and alcohol use, which suggests it was a widespread movement not a singular band who lead the way into the psychedelic era. The wheels of the hippie period had started turning, originating in America in the early sixties, a long time before the Beatles arrived on the drug scene. Seemingly America influenced the Beatles into taking the harder drugs, such as LSD, not visa versa, just the bands music, media coverage and opinions expressed the issue with hallucinogenic drugs more than they’d been dealt with before. All in all, I think although it could be argued that the Beatles changed the world in the sixties – they created leading protests against the Vietnam War, they introduced new religions to the younger generations, they were brave enough to announce their dis-belief in the tradition faiths and created the start of the psychedelic era – all of which received great support from the new youth culture. Source 18 supports this thoroughly: â€Å"the Beatles changed the world in the sixties†¦ twentieth century significant achievement†, source 17 also upkeeps the argument: â€Å"instantly chic for millions of fans who looked to the group for guidance†. But, it’s evident that the four men’s involvement with the Vietnam War protests were only echoing the public’s opinions, that drug use was popular before the band became famous and their religious views didn’t have an affect on the world – the Beatles only followed the crowd and their status expressed the issues. Which is again supported through both source 17 and 18: â€Å"although they seemed to be the leaders of the new youth culture, they were by no means its architects†, â€Å"innovators† and â€Å"spokespersons†. In conclusion I think you can see the shifting world influenced the Beatles views and opinions and it was their famous status that seemed to express new ideas to the youth and society – they gathered their anti-war, alternate religions and drug use by things they experienced happening in the moving world of the sixties. Source 16 also disagrees with the statement that the Beatles â€Å"changed the world in the sixties†, Lennon says, â€Å"nothing happened†, that the world was  Ã¢â‚¬Å"exactly the same† and the band â€Å"dressed up†. Despite it seems he’s recognizing no change, he does notice the four men had a slight influence – â€Å"middle-class with long hair†, their trademark look was popular which they had adopted from the late 50s ‘mod’ fashion and the changing ‘hippie’ fashions. In conclusion, I don’t think the Beatles changed the world in the sixties, I think it’s evident that the band merely reflected the changing world, giving it a louder voice due to their famous status.

15 Misconceptions Kids (And Adults) Have About Insects

Military Actions Of The American Civil War - 2305 Words

Throughout history the effectiveness of specific military actions have been debated and discussed. Military tacticians and scholars have pondered the overall completion of objectives and the comprehensive values presented by the action. This debate has occurred for many of the actions taken in the American Civil War. In terms of achievement the â€Å"March to the Sea† was one of the most effective military actions of the Civil War. Historians may debate the level of destruction that union soldiers imposed on the civilian populace during the march, but Sherman’s desire to â€Å"rip the heart out of the Confederate war effort† succeeded. General William Tecumseh Sherman understood the effectiveness of bringing home the war to the people of the south. He understood how to make an impact on the southern desire to continue the fight. Sherman’s march affected the southern psyche and damaged the will to fight, while destroying valuable supplies and material. In late 1864 the American Civil War was still grinding on. Since 1861, hundreds of thousands of Americans had been fighting each other in bloody battles all across the country. The confederates were becoming more desperate but still had a great deal of fight left in them. They were losing supplies and manpower but the war could drag on for years. The battles had developed into a war of attrition that may have lasted for many more years. A northern general that understood this, and knew a way to hasten the war’s end, was William TecumsehShow MoreRelatedThe Military Actions Of The American Civil War2333 Words   |  10 PagesThroughout history the efficacy of specific military actions have been debated and discussed. Military tacticians and scholars have pondered the overall completion of objectives and the broad values presented by the action. This debate has occurred for many of the actions taken in the American Civil War. 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Success And The Downfall Of Brands - 1199 Words

Success and the Downfall of Brands Having positive brand awareness and recall is essential for building a strong brand. Being able engage the target market with the brand is also a basic quality that all strong brands have accomplished. After all, if the consumers won’t buy or need the product of service, how will success be possible? Apple, Ikea and Twitter have strong brands due to their demonstration of these qualities. In 2015 Apple observed a 43% growth, making it one of the top rising brands. (Interbrand). Much of Apple’s success can be linked directly to the quality of their products and creating a unique customer experience. Apple creates top of the line products for consumers time and time again and as a result, they have†¦show more content†¦Adding the Apple Watch to their product line has been profitable as rumors of an Apple Watch 2 release already have popped up. (This covers up to market performance) Ikea’s approach to ‘DIY’ has been a massive success and they’ve built a strong based on this unique experience, and best of all, its affordable! Due to their approach to business Ikea is â€Å"The world s largest furniture retailer by sales† (Mollnos). Ikea’s furniture allows room for creativity within the space being designed. Their affordable prices are ideal for the average consumer. Ikea has a fruitful way to bring in a younger crowd based on the success of their Instagram account. The account shows rooms transformed from dull and cluttered to organized and inviting. Being able to view real average people who have transformed their homes with affordable, modern furniture is an excellent move for Ikea. When shopping at an Ikea store, the products displays are meaningful and products that coordinate are placed together. This proves to be successful when additional furniture is purchased. Twitter creates a simple yet enjoyable approach to social media by keeping it all under 160 characters. â€Å"Meaningful connections in real time to simple amplified expression† (Twitter) is what Twitter specializes in. An essential element of the success of a social media brand is the appearance and function of their app, website, and mobile site. All three have smooth navigation

Progressive Tax Rate free essay sample

It is fair that people who earn more income should pay a higher proportion of their income in tax. The tax supports the administration of their country which provides the sort of operating environment in which they are able to earn their wages in the first place. Even when paying a higher marginal rate on the top end of their earnings, they will still take home more than people who are paid less with a tax rate anything up to 100%. It is unfair that people who earn more should pay at a progressive rate. Even on a standard rate, they already pay more tax, because they have a higher taxable income. Therefore progressive tax rates are a form of double taxation, as higher earners pay tax on more income, and then at a high level. This is further unfair to them since high earners are the least likely group to benefit from much taxpayer-funded activity e. We will write a custom essay sample on Progressive Tax Rate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page g. welfare. Progressive taxation forms a buffer for the lowest earners in society. This is because the lowest tax band will apply to earnings beneath an initial threshold. Therefore, the less one earns, the higher percentage of one’s pay is not taxable. A certain â€Å"block† at the bottom of each income may be tax free altogether, and by definition this will form a much larger proportion of a low earner’s income than it would in the income of a high earner. This protection for the poorest is important, because most countries also operate customs tariffs and sales taxes, which tend to hit the poor more than the rich in terms of the proportion of their income going in indirect taxation; progressive direct taxation redresses the balance. Progressive taxation is a form of large-scale redistributionist economics that simply pushes the burden of funding government activities higher up the income chain in larger amounts. As well as being unfair, this concentration of taxation amongst a narrow group of taxpayers introduces a higher risk of a sudden drop in tax take, for example if a recession means lots of executive jobs are cut in a short time period. Progressive taxation encourages social cohesion. It sends out a clear policy signal that income and wealth are social means which can be used for the collective good. It also reduces the disparity in net pay and so lessens the economic divisions between different members of society. Progressive taxation can encourage talented workers who earn high incomes to move overseas to escape the tax system. This can create a â€Å"brain drain†. Alternatively, as the marginal benefit of extra work falls, they may be less keen to spend more time on it, negatively impacting productivity overall. Progressive taxation should increase the total tax take. This means that increased funds are available for spending on worthwhile socially beneficial programmes, such as education, health, environmental protection, etc. Progressive taxation is an inefficient way to increase the tax take. Because of resentment, increased evasion, reduced incentive to work and administrative complexities, a progressive tax rate can actually lessen rather than increase the total tax take. This is in nobody’s fiscal interest regardless of whether they favour small or large amounts of taxpayer-funded spending, since it equates to a more demanding system producing less agreeable results. Progressive taxation acts as a discouragement to overinflated wages. There is a decreasing marginal benefit to high, or higher, wages, since the earner will see less and less of the extra gross pay actually appearing in their net pay packet. Therefore, the upward pressure on pay will reduce and excessive remuneration will become less common. It is not the role of government to use tax policy to determine an acceptable wage. Wages are a reward for work done which are largely a private matter between the employer and employee. Therefore, government has no legitimate interest in using a prohibitively high marginal tax rate to discourage high incomes.

International Journal Healthcare Research -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: Are the employees of UAE are aware of the role of TPA in health insurance? Are the people residing in UAE are able enjoy the health benefits under the health insurance scheme proposed by the government? What are the health threats or possible complications experienced by the UAE population in relation to health insurance policies and its associated TPA? Answers: Introduction United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven emirates (Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Fujairah, Sharjah, Ras Al Khaimah, Umm Al Quwain and Dubai) and was established in the year 1971. The discovery of oil influenced massive economic growth in UAE. This growth bolstered massive influx of migrant workers leading to a huge change in the demography with a majority being of pre-retirement (Suliman and Al-Junaibi 2010). This high influx of workers caused high population growth in UAE (Al-Jenaibi 2017). According to the census data, the population of UAE is highest in the world with 95% of population are less than 50 years old and male: female ratio is 3:1 (U.A.E National Bureau of Statistics 2012). Increase in the population along with increase in the number of immigrants caused high rate of disease occurrence in UAE and this in turn lead to the increase in health care costs. The cost of the both the amount paid by the insured person and insurance company has increases significantly in UAE. In order to reduce this escalating cost of health care, government of UAE introduced mandatory health insurance (Loney et al. 2013). Under the Thiqa Program, the government of Abu Dhabi provides comprehensive medical coverage for all UAE nationals residing in Abu Dhabi (The Official Portal of the UAE Government 2017). Under this scheme, the citizens are assigned with the Thiqa card, which grants complete health therapy access to a huge group of private and public healthcare providers who are registered under Damans network. However, in order to qualify for the Thiqa Program, UAE national under the age bracket of 18 to 75 years are required to pass through Weqaya test conducted by Department of Health, Abu Dhabi. This screening is done in order to identify the cardiovascular risk factors (The Official Portal of the UAE Government 2017). Apart from this, in the year 2015, UAE government has also launched new health insurance program. This program was designed to support the nationals who are not covered under any government funded health insurance schemes (United Arab Emirates Healthcare Service 2016). The Dubai Health Authority (DHA) in June 2016 announced that all the residents of Dubai should be covered under the health insurance that will be tied to renewal and issuance of their UAE residence visa (United Arab Emirates Healthcare Service 2016). Moreover, the government of UAE has made it is mandatory norms for the employers to provide health insurance to their employees along with their dependents. There are currently two emirates, which mandate the employers to provide coverage of health insurance to their employees, Dubai and Abu Dhabi (The National. 2016). Dubais Employer Sponsored Health Insurance Scheme for company employees, faces trouble while regulating scheme under the influence of the economic downturn. This is because in Dubai it is mandatory for employers to pay for the medical insurance to all the dependents including the domestic worker. The scenario is different in Abu Dhabi, which has strictly enforced the employer sponsored medical insurance scheme (The National. 2016). However, if the employee has a big family then the onus of the employer only bears up to the fourth child (The National. 2016). Rationale Rule of health insurance in UAE are different. In Abu Dhabi there are two insurance schemes one is Thiqa for Emirates and another one is Abu Dhabi Basic Plan for expatriates, bestowed by the National Health Insurance Company (Daman). In Dubai, there is Essential Benefits Plan, which is procured by 12 companies. In Abu Dhabi, all the employees who are under Abu Dhabi Basic Plan are required to pay half of the insurance policy in order to get premium service for their dependents (wife and children). However, they are required to bear the cost of their dependent parents (The National 2016). According to law of UAE, the maximum amount of insured coverage in Dubai is Dh150,000 and in Abu Dhabi is Dh250,000. However, this overage plan may not include emergency or ongoing treatment and also exclude dental, vaccination eye care costs (The National 2016). However, in the midst of numerous insurance policies and their different norms, the people of 7 different emirates lack a clear picture of the insurance plans, their premium schemes and the extent of coverage. Despite the claims made by the Health Authority Abu Dhabi (HAAD), the majority of low income workers lack the clear approach about their health insurance rights (Zaman, 2010). Although they are happy with the government policy to provide health insurance coverage but they are confused with the concept of network of coverage that is clinic or hospitals they should visit (Zaman 2010). So the rationale of the research is to elucidate the problems experienced by the people of UAE while availing the benefits of the health insurance policies. The research will also aim to highlight the possible health benefits or health threats experienced by the UAE population who are under the health insurance schemes. At the end the research will try to recommend the potential ways in which this gap between the understanding of the health insurance schemes and the role of TPA in providing the health insurance among the people in UAE can be negated. For this research, the researcher will only focus over the population of Dubai and Abu Dhabi as these two have proper structure of the health insurance policies in comparison to other emirates. Aims and Objectives The main objectives of the research will be Analysing the role of TPA in health and health insurance under the perspectives of UAE What are health benefits offered by TPA to the population residing in UAE What are possible health threats imposed by TPA on the health of the population residing in UAE Possible recommendation in relation to health insurance and TPA towards optimal health care access of UAE population Overview of health system reform in UAE Health system reform has been implemented in many countries globally to achieve best health outcome. The Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE is also one region that moved towards the journey of health care reform by introducing the mandatory insurance coverage scheme for employers. The statutory agency, the Health Authority-Abu Dhabi (HAAD) is the statutory agency that implements regulations for health care providers and insurance companies. The Emirati law makes it mandatory for employers to provide coverage of health insurance to their employees. Currently, three insurance schemes operates in the country (Paulo, Loney and Lapo 2017). The Thiqa scheme is for Emirati nationals, the basis cover is for unskilled laborers and enhanced cover for higher skilled workers. Thiqa cardholders comprise about 40.1% of the market and basic insurance holders consist of 26.5% of the market (Sharif et al. 2013). The payment scheme for individual members differs based on different insurance company. The differ ence in Thiqa cover and basic cover is mostly seen from difference in expatriate and national population. Koornneef et al. (2012) has reviewed the health system reform in Abu Dhabi and gave insight into the main components of the reform. The key driver for reform in the health care system was the Presidents Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan vision of improving access to high quality health care for consumers. More than 50% of the GDP of Abu Dhabi comes from their oil reserves. However, reducing dependence on oil exports paved way for diversification of the health care system of the country. With discussion on the three insurance schemes available in the Emirate of Abu Dhabia, the study gave idea about the way health insurance has been distributed among national and expatriate population. The main strength of the evidence by Koornneef et al. (2012) is that it has pointed out to the gap in achieving affordable and sustainable health care for payers and providers. Secondly, it discussed about increase in competition through privatization of many health service contract, however no data has been provided to prove that competition between providers changes the provisions for affordability of care. Evidence by Collins et al. (2015) has showed that health care reforms increase health care coverage and affordability. Hence, poor health coverage in UAE despite health care reform is an area of future research. While evaluating the insurance coverage scheme by looking at the health system reform in Dubai, Sharif et al. (2013) has revealed that Dubai does not have compulsory health insurance requirement for expatriate workers compared to those in Abu Dhabi. The research also pointed to the challenges in UAE health system that needs attention in the future. The key challenges include responding to socio-demographic changes in the population and distribution of health insurance across all emirates. Hence, the manner in which people receive coverage by third parties may also differ based on different cities of UAE. Research done on people specifically in one city may help to clarify how third party medical (TPA) administration plays a role in enhancing coverage. Overview of the role of TPA in health coverage The TPAs emerged in the health care field to provide better service to policy holders and eliminate negative consequences of private health insurance. They are involved in coordinating between health care consumers and providers and monitoring uses of services and resources (Kennedy and Bartlett 2014). The study Hamidi and Akinci (2015) mainly focused on evaluating health care payment reforms in Abu Dhabi. The mandatory health insurance system resulted in the introduction of many payment reforms in Abu Dhabi. HAAD has been mainly involved in regulating health care across UAE. Individuals, employers and government are the three main sources of financing in the city. The author explained that apart from for-profits insurance companies and brokers, 13 TPAs are also involves in operating health insurance scheme. Many regional companies like Oman Insurance and Green Crescent are large payers and small payers outsource administration to TPAs. The significance of the Hamidi and Akinci (2015 ) study is that it gave idea about the impact of these reforms of health care consumers and providers. The positive side of health reform implementation was that it resulted in rise in demand for medical service among expatriates. Expatriates workers got the advantage of letting go off out-of-pocket payments. However, to address the issue of environment sustainability in the future, there was a need for more research to critically examine the impact of TPAs in harmonizing payment system and promoting transparency in hospital financing. This is necessary because Hoo and Lansky (2016) has argued that health care cost mainly remain unsustainable and applying principles of incentive alignment may help to fulfill shared goals. Although there are very few research which has examined the role of TPAs particularly in UAE, however research evidence has given insight into potential role of TPAs in health care system of UAE in the future. Alshamsan et al. (2017) aimed to evaluate percentage of individuals who borrowed for medical reasons and those people who failed to get adequate funds in Gulf states. This research was importance in an effort to realize the goals of universal health coverage and preventing heavy health investment. The research was mainly done in four countries of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE and Bahrain. The common characteristics for all this country were oil and gas as the main source of income, large percentage of expatriate population and high possibility of increase in demand of health services. The study findings demonstrated that poor respondents were mainly borrowing money for medical purpose and the common reason for this was that they could not get emergency funds. the main significance of this work is that it points out to equity concerns in health insurance schemes in Abu Dhabi. Hence, this drawbacks points to the need for health care reforms particularly for pore people in Gulf states. This research also points out to the future role of TPAs in enhancing consistency in terms of quality of care. Hoo and Lansky (2016) also supported the fact that utilization of TPAs by employers is necessary to manage alternative payment designs and handle challenges in health insurance plans . Health Insurance and its coverage in UAE People living in Dubai are now in a better health condition because Dubai Health Authority (DHA) has made sudden reforms in health care and health insurance system in Emirates (Jones 2017). This reform enables almost every travelling or residing to Dubai to enjoy the coverage of the health insurance. This change has improved health related outcomes across a broad range of patients as people of Dubai now feel free to visit doctors in case of even minor health related complications which was previously a fear arising out of sheer financial burden. However, cancer, the leading cause of death among the Dubai, is not included under the coverage of the Essential Benefit Plan of Dubai (Jones 2017). However, DHA is now taking significant efforts to include cancer treatment under the health insurance plan as per the requirement laid by the mandatory health law. These changes are expected to come into enforcement by 2018 (Jones 2017). However, the insurance companies have given mixed response in regards to the DHA Health Funding Department decisions. This is because, cancer will lead to the increase in the reinsurance cost along with an increase in the premium of the Essential Basic Package under the banner of the Dubais mandatory health insurance schemes. Moreover, the third party administrator (TPA) are also not willing not include cancer under the health insurance schemes (Asia Insurance Review 2017). According to the Managing Director of Global Net, Dr. Sanjay Paithankar, earlier only 1/3rd of the total insured people were aware of the optimal use of the health insurance card. However, at present more than 80% of the insured group are utilizing health benefits leading to increase in cost along with reinsurance. Now including cancer in the under the plan will further lead to a hike in cost (Asia Insurance Review 2017). UAE Health Insurance and Confusion UAE has different insurance schemes for different sectors and this creates confusion among the UAE residents. The research carried out by the Health Monitor showed that people in UAE are now undertaking more onus in safeguarding the health future of their family members. This increase in awareness is getting reflected in the increase in the take up of the critical illness insurance schemes (increase by 16% in 2016). However, this tendency is more prevalent among the female population in comparison to the make population. However, 40% of the total respondents participated in the survey carried out by the Health Monitor are confused with the mandatory insurance assured by the employer and critical illness insurance (Wealth Monitor 2017). According to the managing director of Friends Provident International (FPI) of Middle East and Africa, Chris Divito, It is worrying that the number of respondents claiming to have critical illness insurance, and indicating that it is provided by their employer, has increased in the last year. I am concerned they may be confusing their mandatory health insurance with critical illness insurance, which is not something typically provided by an employer as part of a benefits package. These are two completely different types of insurance and these people may not be as well protected as they might think(Wealth Monitor 2017). Thus the people of UAE is failing to understand the basic difference between health insurance and critical illness insurance. Health insurance is designed only to cover the nursing insurance and the amount payable is dependent on the cost of the actual medical treatment. Long-term recuperation, home-care service and therapy are not included under the health insurance schemes (Wealth Monitor 2017). Critical illness insurance schemes can be used in a variety of way by the policyholders depending on their circumstances. Chirs Divito is of the opinion that the people must consider critically illness insurance as an imp ortant addition to their mandatory health insurance is they have an extended family who is totally dependent on them. On the other hand, the health insurance will take care of the cost of medical bills in short term but may not replace the earning that may get endangered in terms of critical illness (Wealth Monitor 2017). The same discrepancy in understanding is being reflected in terms of the mandatory health insurance policy. In Abu Dhabi, the low wageworkers do not have a clear idea about their health insurance rights. They are not familiar with the hospitals or clinics, which are under the coverage of the health insurance policies (Zaman 2010). According to the reports published in the Gulf News, one Indian construction worker has found complaining that none of the hospitals that he visited accepted his insurance card and hence he was compelled to avail the health care facility in his own expense. The excerpts of his statement, I did not know where to go, and was forced to pay one-third of my monthly salary when I sustained a neck injury and needed treatment. I also asked my family back home to send me the prescribed medicines (Zaman 2010). However, when the spokes person from the company was interrogated, he said that the workers could have approached the respective supervisors in the head office s in order to fetched relevant information (Zaman 2010). Summary and gaps in the research The mandatory health insurance for expatriate employees was the main component of the health care reform in the UAE, however the issue that has been found in the research by Koornneef et al. (2012) is the uneven distribution and utilization of health care despite insurance of three health insurance plans. This gap in information gives direction to fulfill the research objective. It also gives direction towards investigating the reasons for lower utilization of the health insurance schemes. The study also gave little insight regarding the affordability of health care. Hence, conducting research on the role of TPA in health insurance coverage in UAE is necessary as it can give insight into the reasons for poor utilization of the scheme. Collecting data directly from expatriate workers in UAE can give idea regarding what impact does mandatory health insurance system has had on the health care provisions of the country and how TPA support theme in claiming health insurance benefits. Hamidi and Akinci (2015) discussed about health care payment reforms in Abu Dhabi. It gave idea about the impact of reform on health care providers, however specific role and contribution of TPAs in health insurance has not been covered in past research. Due to this limitation, the current research proposal is important. Literature review has given idea about challenges in health care reform in UAE context and role of different funding sources in coverage. As small parties mainly outsource their administration from TPAs, hence it would be interesting to evaluate the strength and weakness of TPAs in addressing health insurance issue in UAE. The review of literature also provides an insight regarding how the government is trying to cover all the diseases under the mandatory health care schemes. The report published in Asia Insurance Review stated that the TPA in UAE is opposing the proposal of including the cancer coverage under the mandatory health insurance scheme. The reason cited by Jone (2017) is probable hike in the overall cost of the reinsurance. However, the review of literature did not highlight how the insured person is reacting to such policies undertaken by the government or what are their opinions in regards to the TPA's unwillingness to support cancer patient under the health scheme. This potential gap in the research opens the gate towards the analysis of the mindset of UAE population upon the proposal of including the health coverage of the cancer patient. The review of literature also highlighted that the there lies certain confusion among the low-wage workers among the optimal utilization of the health insurance schemes (Wealth Monitor 2017). However, the review of literate did not provides any specific insight regarding how or why this confusion is arising among the low-wage workers. There are also lack of insight in how the TPA is helping these people to overcome this confusion or whether they are bothered to this problem. Thus this gap in the research has open the avenue for new research direction that will anlyse that whether this group of people who are facing difficulty in understanding the optimal use of the health insurance are aware of the help procured from the TPA in this regards or what are their understandings in the ground of role of TPA in health insurance policies. The review of literature summarizes important elements of health care reforms in UAE and the role of mandatory health insurance scheme for improving access to health services for both national and expatriate population. However, research literature also pointed out to certain limitations in health insurance coverage such as poor utilization of services, issues related to affordability of services and lack of emergency medical funds for poorer people. Although specific role of TPA in health insurance for UAE context has not covered in research literature, however TPAs are likely to play an important role in regulating the health insurance industry in UAE. The report by Nair (2018) explains that TPAs need to raise their game to comply with new requirements of health regulators. They have to play intermediary role in processing health insurance claims. The report also recommended that TPAs needs to become regional players rather than local operator of insurance. Before this requirement can be realized by TPAs, efficiency in their work can be enhanced by evaluating the strength and weakness of their current role in health insurance coverage. This research proposal topic and data coming out from research can give useful insight regarding the current role of TPA in health coverage and the changes needed in future to comply with new requirements in health insurance coverage In this research work, the researcher will follow the research philosophy of positivism with a deductive approach. This will help to formulate the research hypothesis with the help of the theoretical framework. The researcher will select stratified sampling method (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2015). This will help to select the focus group upon which the interview will be done. The overall research design is descriptive type design. Qualitative analysis method will be undertaken in order to analyse the answers of the respondents in the interview (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2015). Sampling For this research, the research will choose random stratified sampling technique. The criteria that will be taken into consideration while selecting the respondents for the interview are Participants must be low-wage or medium wage workers Participants must reside in Abu Dhabi or Dubai (permanent resident of UAE) The participants must have a minimum qualification up to 10th standard All the participants are adult and above the age of 18 Participants must be enrolled under the mandatory health care policy of Dubai or Abu Dhabi Participants must have minimum 1 year of work experience in Dubai or Abu Dhabi On the basis of the above mentioned criteria 30 participants will be selected Research ethics It is duty of the researcher to abide by the Data Protection Act of 1998 while conducting the research (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2015). The researcher will try to avoid biasness in the process of data collection and qualitative analysis of the data. Moreover, the research will also take informed yet signed consent from each of the participants before the initiating the interview process. The consent form will also ensure that the research will maintain the confidentiality of each of the participants via not disclosing their identity (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2015). The research question will be framed such a way that it avoids any personal questions. Moreover, no participants will be forced to participate in the interview and will be allowed to leave at any point of the interview process as per their will. The researcher will also ensure that the data collected for this research will not be used for other research work in order to maintain the confidentiality of the researc h (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2015). References Al-Jenaibi, B., 2017. The scope and impact of workplace diversity in the United Arab EmiratesA preliminary study.Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space,8(1). 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