Gerard Manley Hopkins Essay Example for Free

Gerard Manley Hopkins EssayThe Windhover, by Gerard Manley Hopkins is a poem about the essence of natural things. This poem describes the relationship of human beings to the natural populace as the poet is addressing God through the shucks. It is praising him for all the marvellous things He has created and that humans can enjoy. The poem consists in three verses. In the first verse, the poet describes the power of the bird as it is portrayed as the master of heavens. This verse captures the movement of the bird in the discard. It starts with I caught this morning mornings minion that gives the feeling that the bird is a servant of the sky and it is the morning because it is a good time for hunting. Hopkins puts words together like dapple dawn-drawn to portray multi-images as here where the bird is drawn in the sky. Also, the alliteration here produces the effect of the birds movement in the air and the intensity of the poems feeling. The author writes that the bird is stridin g high there and this produces the image that the bird is taking huge go in the air.The bird also rung upon the rein of a wimpling wing showing his power and control with ecstasy. The bird has control over the wind. The cycles/second in this verse is very slow, yet steady. This verse consists in very long sentences that convey the effect that the bird is circling the air with long movements it also reflects the poets feelings. This verse gives as the feeling that he poet has searched very well the words to describe his feelings but at the same time describing the bird. He searches for words that sound as they ar written for example sweeps smooth.The second verse consists only of three lines explaining how the bird spots its pray and here, the steady of the bird is more accentuated when the author uses Brute beauty to describe how beautiful the bird is, even when it is hunting. The word brute has an impact on the readers because this word means violent, wild, but here, the author uses it to emphasize that the beauty is a different kind of beauty that it is a magnificent beauty, so marvellous and magnificent that there is no better word to describe it than brute.The poem reaches to the culminate when the bird spots the pray and the author writes here buckle as if warning us for action. To be prep ared. From now on, the rhythm is more steady with a lot of comas and faster than the first verse. This gives us the effect that the bird is now descending towards its pray. At the end of this verse, the author addresses to God as Oh my chevalier and this is to thank Him for creating such marvellous things as the bird, full of Brute beauty so that humans can enjoy, even though it is only by watching them.When the author addresses to God, the rhythm changes. This matches the ecstasy of the bird in his own physical mastery of the sky. The last verse consists also in three lines, and here, the relationship of human beings to the natural world is also portrayed. Thi s verse is more as a pronouncement. Here the author stops speaking about the bird and makes us realise how Gods beauty of existence is in everything, even in things where there is no apparent beauty. This is achieved also when Hopkins starts talking about how the shi er plid makes even ploughing beautiful and how blue-bleak embers are also beautiful. In conclusion, I think that Hopkins decides to first start talking about the Windhover and about its Brute beauty to then compare it to the beauty plant in every thing of creation. He relates human being to the beauty of nature because the beauty found in nature comes from humans sacrifice. The words on Hopkins poem impact me because they make me realise how lucky we are to be part of creation and enjoy the beauty there is from Christs sacrifice.

Psychology Homework Essay Example for Free

Psychology Homework EssayThe argument I have chosen to use is iodine that was between my friends and I. It was the early hours of the morning time and we were at a Jacuzzi party. We were discussing the topic of wages and how much those of us who worked were earning. We then started talking about football players and how they earn millions of pounds for doing a very unnecessary and over paid job compared to people who offer a service for the country such as those in the NHS or the armed forces who spend all solar day risking their lives or saving other peoples. The two main top dogs of the argument were 1. Yes, Footballers are over paid but that is the way it is and thats how it fits into the national framework This point was shared by everyone in the argument, except one person 2. Footballers are paid to much and it should be changed now This point was shared by one person The people who believed in point 1, myself included showed how their point was valid.They showed th at even thought it is not morally right for footballers to earn that much coin compared to the numerate of work they do or in comparison to people in public services but that is the way it is and with out them Public services would not be able to run as easily. We showed this by explaining the national frame work. The money that is earnt by the footballers is taxed greatly, some as much as 40%, This money is then distributed between education, social security, the NHS and many other things.The other person was still on a one tracked mind that it was just terms and should be changed. So we explained it again and after much persuasion he started to see things our way. He then started to change the argument and incorporated big companies such as McDonalds and Nike. His point was that they employ people in under developed countries to work for them because its cheap labour and it allows them to make a immense profit margin.The whole group agree that this was wrong but being the well balanced young adults we are, we looked at both sides. Some of our outcomes were that even though to us it seems like an unacceptable wage, the people employed are at least employed. We went far beyond people in Asia and right to where we lived. To other people, 16 and 17 year olds being paid just over minimum wage to work long hours and do jobs other people would say no to, is fine by them. In fact, after this argument a lot of people involved realised it was about themselves. How ironic?

Leadership Styles in Operations Department

leadershiphip Styles in Operations DepartmentIntroduction.This assignment is aimed at evaluating the leadinghip vogues inwardly the operations division of Robert Wiseman Sons Ltd and determining if senior managers are performing more(prenominal) as managers or leaders. These evaluations go away also be assessed to determine if the Managers styles and behaviours whitethornbe impacting on succession planning.In the Last Ten years Robert Wiseman and Sons Ltd (RWD) move over shifted excellent growth in sales volume and financial turn all over, to cope with this change magnitude demand deep down the at last 3 years alone they have built 1 production facility and 3 dissemination sites as considerably as purchasing 2 combined production and distribution facilities, the following va empennagecies exist currently across the 22 sites for the following key roles, 4 Quality Managers, 2 Shift Managers, 2 Engineering Managers, 2 Manufacturing Managers, 2 Regional Quality Managers (R QM), 1 Group Continous Improvement Manager and 2 Regional Operations Managers (ROM).The Manufacturing Managers. RQMs and ROMs roles are newly positions tho arguably the skill set required to fulfil these positions could and should be demonstrable internally.See Appendix 1 and 2 for relevant troupe organogramsAs well as the current vacancies, 5 of the last 8 Site managers vacancies have been filled with external managers or managers who had less than 2 years experience within RWD. The Quality manager and Engineering Manager Vacancies are as a result of employees leaving for other positions out with RWD.Given the phenomenal growth over the last 5 years in particular it is feasible to assume that this is the reason for the vacancies and lack of internal candidates with the skills and knowledge to fulfil them, however this assignment pull up stakes evaluate the general way that the senior management team are performing, the predominant styles of this team and the assumptions they ha ve regarding pursual. This all get out be summarised in a way that allows conclusions to be drawn on whether the business growth alone is responsible for the lack of developed leaders or wwehetehr thare are opportunities for the senior team to be developed and or convert their style and approach to allow more efficient leadership development and as a result ameliorate succession planning.The Literature review (1100 words)There is no single outstrip formula for developing leaders, in fact leadership development is a conf utilize subject with numerous factors to be considered. Reviewing the literature I have identified some elements that are likely to impact on leadership development for example the conscious effort the organisation puts into lineing leaders, the lawsuit of work that leaders are expected to perform, what the leaders within the organisation think motivates followers, and the dominant leadership styles within the senior management team. All of these to varying degrees affect the development of leaders of the future. Table 1 re gives the theories and models I have explored in more detail.Leadership pretences StylesModel/ suppositionBehaviourLeadership StylesZaleznik, A 1977 Managers Leaders Are they Different?Kotter, John P 2001What leaders really do?Blake Mouton Initiating structure / conditionThe leadership of production through peopleAutocratic / DemocraticHersey Blanchard Situational LeadershipConcern for people / Concern for tasksDirecting/Coaching/Supporting/DelegatingMacgregor Theory X Theory YWhat managers assume about(predicate) followers.Autocratic to DemocraticBass Transactional Tranformational LeadershipAutocratic/// to ParticipativeTable 1There are polar strategies that can be adopted to encourage the development of leaders of the future (Zaleznik, 1977), some companies that are successful at developing leaders use distinguishable approaches and one successful way to develop leaders is to assign Senior administrato rs as mentors to Junior executives, this approach provides the budding leaders with direct contact to an powerful leader within the organisation, access to the experienced leaders knowledge and opinions in a safe and risk free environment. This also allows the opportunity for the senior executive to practise and develop their mentoring skills, a crucial skill that all leaders should be able to practise.Kotter, J (Kotter, 2001), clearly defines the difference between leaders and managers in that Leaders, identify the need for change, create a vision to mobilise and align the organisation and inspire and motive the followers within the organisation to fulfill the vision, where as managers create the plan to deliver the vision, set objectives to monitor progress, create procedures and processes to train the people, achieve the objectives and monitor the plan for deviations and problem solve to bring the plan moxie on track. Given that if leaders are being effective and followers are truly inspired and motivated this could result in not wholly the achievement of the work but also followers willingness to accept more responsibility and have spunkyer levels of engagement that if properly identified could highlight followers with the requirement talent to become leaders themselves.(Blake and Mouton, 1967) theory of Initiating structure, how much value and effort the managers places on achieving the tasks that will increase production levels and thus profit, and Consideration, the amount of focus and effort the manager exerts in meeting the needs and expectations of the individuals. Managers styles can be evaluated using the Blake Mouton leadership grid. The grid categorises managers styles into one of five disparate types ranging from 1.1 (the devoid manager who has little concern for production or people) through 9.1 (the authority compliance manager, who has high concern for task completion and production, with little concerns for the needs of the individ uals) to 9.9 (the team up manager, who has both high concern for task completion and high concern for the expectations and needs of the individual). 9.1 Managers would be categorised as having an Autocratic leadership style with 9.9 type managers practising a more Democratic leadership style. (Blake and Mouton, 1967) state that in that respect is a 3rd dimension to the grid that looks at the managers resistant to change and highlights that managers dominant styles can change under stress or pressure if the manager has a low resistance to change, i.e. a Democratic 9.9 type manager can change to be more Autocratic 9.1 when faced with stressful or pressure situations. This theory is important in my investigation as it relates to the managers attitudes towards the followers and how that attitude may or may not encourage followers to develop.Hersey Blanchard (Blanchard and Hersey, 1996), life Cycle theory which was later renamed as Situational leadership theory suggests that to achie ve the task it is necessary for the leader to apply different leadership styles depending on the situation, the attitude and abilities of the followers and the type of tasks or jobs to be performed. This theory also allows for the leadership styles to be ingenious to develop followers to achieve the task and as the followers develop then it allows for different styles of leadership to be used to support their continued development. victimization these styles of leadership are important when relating them to employee development particularly if the leaders are consciously aware of this theory and are purposely applying the appropriate leadership style with the aim of developing the followers whilst achieving the tasks.Macgregor Theory X Theory Y, describes the assumptions that managers have about people, this affects how the manager behaves towards the employees. If the manager has assumptions establish on theory X he is likely to apply a more Autocratic leadership style as his ass umptions will be negative towards the employee, he will assume that employees will only deliver performance expectations if they are pushed and controlled and that they have little to offer in terms of creativity or initiative. By contrast managers who have assumptions based on Theory Y which is the opposite of theory X assumptions will encourage employees to take responsibility, work autonomously, and participate in solving business problems and deliver higher than expected performance. Managers with theory Y assumptions will be more likely to apply a Democratic or Participative leadership style. Manager assumptions may also create the Pygmalion affect Kopelman (ADD CITATION), if the manager has high expectations of employees ability to deliver high levels of performance then he behaves in a manner that will encourage and support these feelings, this then positively affects the followers attitude and they will try and respond in kind. However this also applies to theory X assumptio ns in that the employees may only deliver the managers expectations and thus if those expectations assume low performance levels then the employees may deliver just that. Macgregors theory is an important aspect in relation to developing leaders as theory X type behaviours and the subsequent leadership style applied are likely to result in lower levels of motivation as defined by Maslows hierarchy of needs where as leadership styles rooted in theory Y assumptions will lax up the possibility of higher levels of employee motivation perhaps for employees to achieve self actualisation and thus deliver their likely, this potential may result in the employees comely leaders themselves.BM Bass , Transactional leadership (Add CITATION) , is a relationship between the leaders and followers which is based on a transaction, the manager provides, pay and rewards such(prenominal) as promotion or favourable working conditions in return for the follower delivering satisfactory levels of perform ance. This style of leadership is unlikely to produce anything other than bonny performance levels, particularly if the manager only interacts with the followers if performance levels or standards arent achieved. Transformational leadership by contrast requires leaders to inspire followers by creating a vision, applying a charismatic style and good communication skills to engage and inspire followers to achieve performance levels in excess of expectations. This style also calls for leaders to build relationships with followers as individuals and have genuine concerns for their well being and development. If Transformational leadership is practised properly then the organisation will benefit from greater performance levels, obtained by having followers whos effort is far greater than they are contractually get to provide, as well as creating an organisational culture that encourages individuals to be developed to allow them the opportunity to fulfil their potential, this may also r esult in the followers becoming leaders.FindingsIn the following section I will present general background about Robert Wiseman Sons Ltd (the guild) including its origins, geographical coverage, annual turnover and annual sales. The section will also cover the methods I used to gather my information, including techniques, sources and the government issue of my investigation.Robert Wiseman Dairies is a UK based liquid milk processing company, established in 1947 in East Kilbride, just outside Glasgow in Scotland. Founded by Robert Wiseman Senior, the business increased in size and profitability when Robert SNRs two oldest sons, Alan and Robert Jnr took control of the company. The business was floated on the stock market in 1994 however Alan Robert remain the legal age share holders. The company employs 4700 employees, has 22 sites based throughout the UK ranging from Keith in the north of Scotland to Pensilva in the south of England. The 22 sites consist of 7 production faciliti es (Dairies) of which 2 are combined Dairies and distribution depots, 14 Distribution depots and 1 milk reload site. The company deliver product to customers throughout the whole of the UK.To obtain my evidence I oppugned 9 different leaders from within the Operations department, 2 Operational board members ,4 group or regional managers (responsibility for multiple sites) 3 Site managers. These individuals were chosen for their long distance of service and seniority within the organisation, this seniority allows for the ability to develop managers to fill senior positions.The average age of the senior managers is 47years old, with an average length of service of 20 years ,and an average length of time in a senior postiton, Site manager or above of 11 years, this ranged from 4 years to 16years.The interview consisted of a question and answer section, the questionnaire was created by myself and focused on trying to identify leadership or management tasks along with questions regardi ng different leadership theories and 3 leadership style questionnaires, Blake and Mouton Leadership grid sourced from the internet, Macgregors assumptions about people questionnaire sourced from the Manufacturing institute along with a task-Person Leadership questionnaire also sourced from the Manufacturing institute. victimisation the companys automated subroutine library I obtained a copy of the company mission statement along with the personal development plans (PDPs) for most salaried staff, these PDPs were created in 2003 and have not been used for managers development for the last 5 years. No written or communicated company vision exists.Company Mission StatementBe the recognised supplier of prize to the fresh liquid milk marketUnderstand Customers needsDeliver the highest quality productsBuild a culture of continuous improvementBe the best fresh liquid milk processors and suppliers.Leadership or Management Vision Creation, Communication and Organisational alignmentI began t he questionnaire by asking each of the senior managers what they did in their job, half of the individuals mentioned that a large proportion of their time was either pass fire fighting or getting the product to the customers. The majority mentioned the need to achieve targets and objectives as well as looking for opportunities for continuous improvement all with a short term view. Only one of the Leaders suggested that they took a strategic view of the company direction as well as keeping abreast of the company competitors and world class organisations through benchmarking.At first I was interested that no one mentioned communicating the company vision or aligning their depts. to achieve the vision which led me onto my next questionDoes the company have a vision?All of the leaders confirmed there is no documented vision with only two of the leaders able to confirm that the company actually had a vision, this currently is only discussed informally at board level.The remaining leade rs had a guess at what they thought the vision was with 7 different visions being proposed.In response to my next question, do you have a vision for your dept or site?The majority of the senior managers did have a vision however they were on the whole not directly linked with the company vision, they were not aligned with each others vision and either had not been communicated at all or discussed only with each of their senior teams. None of the senior managers had communicated their vision with each other.Succession planning Mentoring.To establish if the senior team spent time on identifying the leaders of the future and their successors I began with the following question, do you identify the leaders of the future for your area?2 of the team responded that they do identify future leaders within their area and had informal discussions regarding their development. The others either did not actively or specifically seek out future leaders for their areas.My next questions was, do yo u mentor any lowly member of your team or any other team?2 of the team are formalised mentors to junior employees this is as a result of a new initiative that RWD is involved in where they are sponsoring employees through a foundation degree in dairy farm technology. No other senior manager is currently participating in an official mentor/mentoree relationship, several of the team felt that they were unofficially mentoring at least 1 junior member of their team or had done in the past however in general this had not been communicated with the mentoree and was not structured in any wayI then asked, is there any obligation on you from anywhere to develop your successor?All answered that there was no official or direct expectation from the organisation that they identify and develop their successors, some felt that they where personally obliged to identify their successors, all felt that they should be obligated to develop their successors. The majority of the interviewees felt that they would be happy to accept an agreed objective with their line managers to identify and develop their successors and some of the interviewees had recognised individuals within their teams who had potential to develop into their successors. No one had agreed formal development plans with these individuals.Most of the interviewees had recently been involved in or been given objectives to create a new competency framework for certain key roles. These documents are to be progressed to allow gap analysiss to be performed with individuals and these would then generate Personal development plans. So whilst there has been little or any use of PDPs for the last 5 years the company have recognised this and are acting to improve the situation.Leadership StylesUsing the Blake Mouton leadership grid questionnaire all the senior team where evaluated, two of the team emerging as Authoritarian and the, majority emerged as Team Leaders based on their answers. The results ranged from 4.6 to 7.6 for consideration for people, with consideration for task ranging from 5.2 to 8.2. This indicates that with regards to consideration of people versus consideration for task completion there is no strong bias, however the majority of the results are closer to the 5.5 middle of the road manager style which may only result in adequate performance results a. If the aim is to have high performing teams producing high performance then there is an opportunity for improvement.Insert BM Grid.To investigate whether the senior management teams assumptions about people are impacting on their leadership styles and thereforemaybe impacing on developing leaders each manager completed an assumptions about people questionnaire to establish where they fit on Macgregors theory X and Y concept. The average results where 21 for Theory X, individual results varied from 9 to 34. Average results for Theory Y were 79. Individual results ranged from 66 to 91. In general the senior teams assumptions about peo ple are generally positive, this allows for the possibility of the team influencing higher levels of motivations within their within their followersDiscussion (1100 words)Format it/write it and re read it many times. This section ties together the whole assignment, needs to show my ability to link theory with the real world CHECK THE TOP TIPS FOR THIS AS IT IS DIFFICULT. death and recommendationsOne way of improving the development and performance of followers is to apply a more transformational leadership style approach within the organisations. This approach has turn out to some extent to improve the motivation, and empowerment and thus the performance (Avolio,Eden Shamir) ADD ENDNOTE CITATION) of followers. Providing training to the senior management team within operations beginning with the take in MANAGEMENT TEAM Supply chain director, GOMs ROMs and to Site Mgrs on transformational leadership to expand the knowledge of the team may help to engage the leaders more in leaders activities as oppose to management activities. The implications and cost of this approach would need to be reviewed and agreed before commencing this approach.BLAKE, R. R. MOUTON, J. S. 1967. MANAGERIAL GRID IN 3 DIMENSIONS. Training and Development Journal, 21, 2-5.BLANCHARD, K. H. HERSEY, P. 1996. Life-cycle theory of leadership. Training Development, 50, 42-47.KOTTER, J. P. 2001. What Leaders Really Do. Harvard Business Review, 79, 85-96.ZALEZNIK, A. 1977. Managers and leaders Are they different? Harvard Business Review, 55, 12.

Development of Radio in Africa

Development of tuner in AfricaMelissa PaddockTopic The development of intercommunicate in African countries, including South AfricaIn this academic assignment I will be describing the historical background and development of radiocommunication in Africa as well as in South Africa. I will also provide in stockation about the present situation of radio today in Africa and South Africa. tuner was kickoff broadcasted in South Africa in 1924. There has been trio different phases that have occurred since the development of radio in Africa and South Africa. The origin phase is the historical beginning of radio on the African continent. These were the first stages of development which would lead radio to become a mass media in the future. communicate was started in Africa when the European, British, Belgium, French, Portuguese, Spanish and Italian settlers arrived on the African continent and started to take laterality of the different countries. This was k directn as the Colonial period. These settlers started radio beam to bring through their own personal needs and interests. yet at a much later stage did the colonisers introduce radio work for the local and indigenous pot of Africa. (http//www.transculturalwriting.com/radiophonics/contents/usr/downloads/radiophonics/A_Brief_History.pdf accessed on 27 February 2014)The second phase in radio publicise without delay started with the development of the radio in South Africa and Africa after the compound period. The domestic broadcasting systems of all European powers were at this time stare (not government necessarily) monopolies such as the British independent public service object lesson of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) or the French government radio move. The Portuguese permitted some private broadcasting by colonial settlers in their colonies, merely the main picture was one of national state monopolies (http//www.transculturalwriting.com/radiophonics/contents/usr/downloads/radioph onics/A_Brief_History.pdf accessed on 27 February 2014).Some of the first broadcasts on the African continent took place in South Africa. In Johannesburg (the Association of Scientific and Technical Services), Durban (Durban Corporation) and Cape Town (the Cape Peninsula Publicity Association), the radio stations were given licences to broadcast. These three radio stations started their broadcasting in 1924 but very soon after their establishment they all found themselves in debt. This is when the government decided that a commercial selection would not provide the service that they required and wanted. In 1927 a man named I.W.Schlesinger, an insurance entrepreneur that purchased the three failing radio stations, decided to connect the three stations together into one network and called it the African Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). But in 1929 the ABC fall into a shortfall situation owe to several implications such as poor landline connections, high costs of programme production a nd because of the difficulty enforcing the licence payments. The ABC eventually reversed its fiscal position and within a couple years they were able to carry out capital improvements, this was all because of the schemes that that had implemented. The main audience at this stage were elite group English speaking people. Most of the radios shows were broadcasted in English, which showed the development of the inequality of the languages used in broadcasting. Afrikaans was domination in the rural areas. In 1931, the ABC then changed its policies as they introduced a 30minute segment through in Afrikaans, and then in 1936 they had changed the 30minute segment to a 90minute one. There was no broadcasting done in any African language. John Reith, Director General of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), was invited to South Africa in 1934 where he recommended a new form of broadcasting for the country. (Teer-Tomaselli de Villiers 2014 153 154)In 1936 The South African Broadcasti ng Corporation (SABC) was established. Very soon after the establishment of the SABC, they began to move away from the structure and way of broadcasting that was done by the BBC. There were issues with the unequal use of different languages. In June 1938 the first broadcast quality carrier link was set up in the midst of Grahamstown and Johannesburg. In 1939 a short wave receiving station was established near Panorama outside Pretoria. The main issue with the radio broadcasting was that at that place was dominantly English being spoken and only in 1939 did the radio start to bring in Afrikaans. The radio never catered for the black homegrown people as there was no mention of African languages during broadcasting. In 1948 the National Party came into power in South Africa and they and the Afrikaner Broederbond acquired more domination in broadcasting. In 1950 the SABC introduced their first commercial radio station known as Springbok Radio. Springbok Radios programming was aimed a t the white English speaking people. Only after 1943 did they start broadcasting their programmes in Afrikaans as well. It was only in the 1960s that they started broadcasting in African languages to cater for the black native people who listened to the radio. This was when Radio Bantu was developed during the Apartheid era, this admited the black people to keep up to date with the political issues in South Africa. The radio stations now started to use VHF (Very High Frequency) and FM signals and networks. There was now an establishment of many African languages used in the broadcasting of programmes and music on the radio. From 1980 coin bank 1984 there was the introduction of independent commercial radio stations such as Capital Radio, Radio 702 and Radio5. At the beginning of 1996 there were 22 radio stations in South Africa, out of those 22 stations 11 of them were broadcasted in the official African languages. Some new radio stations that were introduced were SAfm, KFM and Ra dio Lotus. This was the development of radio broadcasting in South Africa. (Teer-Tomaselli de Villiers 2014 160 162)Radio development in the rest of Africa happened as follows in 1927 in Kenya, in 1932 in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), in 1933 in Mozambique, and in 1935 in the French Congo. The earliest radio in British West Africa was not broadcast by wireless transmission but via wired services-subscribers had loudspeakers installed in their homes to receive the service. This was how broadcasting began in Siena Leone in 1934, Gold Coast (now Ghana) in 1935, and Nigeria in 1936. Unlike the wireless services in Britains other colonies, these were created with native African listeners in mind. Then in 1936 the British colonial administration decided to develop radio broadcasting passim its African colonies as a public service for native people. In Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), World War II provided an incentive with major consequences for the development of radio in that terr itory. A small radio station was established principally with the objective of carrying tidings (in African languages) of the contends progress to the Families of Soldiers fighting with the British forces in Africa and Asia. Radio also developed rapidly in other parts of Africa due to the war ((http//www.transculturalwriting.com/radiophonics/contents/usr/downloads/radiophonics/A_Brief_History.pdf accessed on 27 February 2014).). These radio stations after the war were now focused on educating, informing and entertaining the African listeners. These radio stations had very little independence as the government had strict control over them, only from the 1960s and onwards did they start gaining their independence. These radio services relied on shortwave connections to be able to reach distant places.The situation of radio today is still very essential. Most people in Africa and South Africa have access to a radio where they can be constantly updated, informed and entertain 24/7. Radio has played as a major nation building feature in Africa. Direct broadcasting by satellite was started in the early 21st century. Radio is still a dominant mass medium throughout the African continent. Every country in Africa has at to the lowest degree one radio station. Radios now days are more technologically advanced and have much better network signals that allow for longer distance connectivity to that radio station. We can now even listen to the radio on our phones which allows for mobile and portable connectivity. More and more people now have access to radios as they are inexpensive. People in the rural areas now have access to radios which allows them to be kept informed by the news every day. Radios are an important feature in peoples everyday lives. Everyday new inventions and creative innovations are being formed in order to keep continuously developing the radio into an advanced electronic mass medium.To conclude, radio was first developed to satisfy the needs, w ants and desires of the settlers that colonised the African continent. It went through a stage of racial discrimination where no African language was used, as well as minimal usage of the Afrikaans language, in the broadcasting of the radio channel. Later when languages became equal and more channels were developed in order to accompany for all races, cultures and languages. Eventually radio had been developed throughout the African continent and most people had easy access to it. Now the radio is used to inform, educate and entertain its viewers. Radio is now one of the most important forms of mass media because every person has access or owns a radio. Radio will forever live on and will never stop developing.ReferencesMytton, G. escort unknown. A Brief History of Radio Broadcasting in Africa. http//www.transculturalwriting.com/radiophonics/contents/usr/downloads/radiophonics/A_Brief_History.pdf accessed on 27 February 2014.Teer-Tomaselli, R. de Villiers, C. 2014. Radio Theatre o f the Mind.

Event Organisation Description

Event Organisation Description1. DEFINITION OF EVENT.a) Experts definition of topic.To better understanding the definition of causas I would like to find at the beginning that various terms is used to explain its meaning. To find the answer for this question I will quote Getz who said that A supererogatory solution is a unique moment in time celebrated with ceremony and ritual to satisfy specific needs. Getz (1997 p.4),Another event especial(a)ists state that an event can be defined as anything which happens any incidence or occurrence especially a memorable one contingency or casualty of occurrence and item in a programme and channelised activity at digressicular venue for sales promotion and fundraising. (Bowdin2011,p.17)b) My own definition of event.In my opinion an event is a special occasion such as football match, fete or concert which has happen in a special place, on specific time and required a lot of different kind of things to be organised forrader it whitethorn t ake a place.The event doesnt occur very often so its the reason why it is so special and many heap is looking forwarfared to be a part of something unique in some way.2. DESCRIPTION OF THREE EVENTS FROM DIFFERENT SECTORS.T IN THE PARK FESTIVAL The biggest music festival in Scotland, held at a disused airport in Balado.T in the Park is an event that every year attracts over 80,000 music fans from or so the world. During the 3 days of the festival in that location are over 180 artists performing on eleven stages. In the past, there appeared stars such as Red Hot Chili Peppers, The Who, Green Day, The Killers, Foo Fighters, REM, seaport and Radiohead. First edition took place in 1994 in Strathclyde Country Park. Its name comes from the main sponsor Tennents brewery. Baldo park is an excellent location for the event as roughly Scottish who want to take part in the festival can get there easily which makes it an ideal place to host this type of event. The festival includes of triad days of fun, music and dance. The festival takes place every second weekend of July. People attending for the event are well-nighly young flock interested in pop, rock and electronic music. Through the historic period the festival has be become increasingly popular and now it is the biggest music festival in UK.OCTOBER FEST-Its the largest beer and folk festival held in Munich in Bavaria (Germany). Oktoberfest takes place from 1810 years. Until 1871, it took place in October, and since 1872 the beginning of the event has been postponed for September. In recent years the average number of visitors was sextet million people.During the festival is being consumed about five million liters of beer, traditionally sold in one-liter mugs.Fairs called Oktoberfest in Bavaria were not uncommon. Their goal was to use beer from the passing season, in front the cast down of the new brew.The Munich Oktoberfest enjoys more than 200-year tradition. On the occasion of the wedding of Prince Lud wig of Bavaria, the future King of Bavaria and his bride, Princess Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen, which took place on October 12, 1810, they were held on the meadows in front of the city walls (today Theresienwiese ) long horse racing. Since Prince Ludwig passion for antiquity disceptations were held in the style of the quaint Olympic Games. In the early years of the Munich Oktoberfest was primarily sporty character. Since the event enjoyed great popularity among the inhabitants of the city, the royal chat up decided to repeat the race a year later at the same time, and so was born the tradition of the Munich Oktoberfest. Due to the involvement of Bavaria in the Napoleonic Wars in 1813 for the first time the festival was abandoned. A break in the tradition also occurred in 1854 and 1873 due to the cholera epidemic in 1866 because of the war and a seven-week 1870 Franco-Prussian war.OLIMPIC GAMES-Are the biggest and most recognised sporting events taking place in summer time (athletics sports) as well as in winter (skiing), which gather participant from all over the world.The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games evaporatening every four years nevertheless two years apart.Ancient Olympic GamesThe first Olympic Games were held in Olympia in Greece and were played every four years, so in ancient Greece dates Olympics marked the four-year period between successive Olympics. The first documented Olympic Games were held in 776 BC For the duration of the Olympic Games discontinued wars. During the conflict announced counterinsurgency of God and the war was stopped for two months. For five days failed games, the rest was allocated to depart and return from the Olympics for spectators and competitors. The first stage of the ceremony, even before the Games begin, was an oath before the statue of Zeus. Raw meat cut into pieces, scattering or decomposed before the statue and each of the participants, along with his father a nd his brothers took the oath did not commit any fraud on the argument, which confirmed a second oath in which they said they strictly applied the exercise by previous 10 months. Officially received the loot a wreath of twigs of laurel but master was just one and became famous and in his hometown built monuments in his honor and wrote poems. The wall of the city won the competitor done a hole through which entered the winner greeted by the locals. This meant that the city could not be afraid anymore because it has such a defender. The winner also received material rewards, but not officially given. Over time, in addition to the wreath of chromatic branches, they obtained money and valuables. Fame ware won the self-coloured city and not just winning. Penalties Olympic were very strict. A player who has committed fraud, was forced to put a statue of Zeus, which is inscribed with his name and vice, which he hath sinned. The most popular with fraudsters is Athenian Kalliopos who bribed his would-be opponents. The whole thing came to light. Athenian and others had put monuments for Zeus. Athenians stopped attending the Olympic Games, as the Delphic oracle said that if they start again participate. In the competition they participated wealthy people who could afford to devote the entire year to exercise, then they were merely selected athletes. Occurrence naked, because the games can watch only free men. Woman caught in watching the games waiting for the death penalty. There was no team competition. The games were held in honor of the god Zeus.Olympic Games nowadays give up Olympics held since 1896 (Athens), and the winter of 1924 (Chamonix). Modern Olympic Games refer to the tradition of the ancient Greek Olympics. For most athletes the Olympics are regarded as the most important sports and the Olympic gold thenar as the most valuable trophy .Exception of this rule are tennis players, cyclists and footballers, but the international federations of these spo rts are trying to raise the profile of Olympic3. extremity ANG GROW OF OLYMPIC GAMES.HISTORY OF OLYMPIC GAMESThe modern Olympic Games were celebrate in london, were opened by the Queen Elizabeth II inaugurated the struggles athletes jubilee XXX Summer Olympics. The competition takes place not only for the gold medal, but also for fame and money. The Olympic Games is a huge organizational undertaking and the media, which attracts the attention of millions of people around the world. The storey of the Olympic Games and the international Olympic movement is as interesting as the competition athletes. The Olympic Games are derived from ancient Greece. Already in the seventh light speed BC athletes met once every four years to honor Zeus. Games traditionally played out in Olympia, and competition gathered crowds of locals and visitors from different parts of Hellas. The competition was fought min. in racing, wrestling and chariot races. The winners waited olive twig and a huge celebri ty. During the duration of the games announced peace against any conflicts, which is discontinued fights, and even the death penalty. Unfortunately, with the blow over of Greeces Olympic forgotten, and for the next Olympic Games had to wait 1,500 years. The resurrection of the idea of the Olympic Games took place at the initiative of Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937). This French thinker, educator, historian and sports activist held numerous trips around the world and sought support for the restoration of referring to the tradition of ancient Greek athletes competing from around the world.CHANGES OVER THE YEARSThe organization of the games differed significantly from what we currently see. To honour federation in the Olympic women they were not allowed. They had to wait until 1900 for the Olympics in Paris, where competed in golf and tennis. There also were awarded gold medals. The winner was honored a silver disc, an olive branch and a diploma. Not awarded the prize for third place (according to the tradition of awarding medals contemporary model was launched in 1904, the Olympics in St. Louis).GROWTH OF THE EVENTThe Games have grown so much that nearly every nation is now represented. This growth has created numerous challenges and controversies, including boycotts, doping, bribery, and a terrorist attack in 1972. Every two years the Olympics and its media exposure provide unknown athletes with the chance to attain national and sometimes international fame. The Games also constitute an opportunity for the host city and country to guinea pig themselves to the world.4. IMPACTS OF BEIJING OLIMPICS GAME IN 2008.NEGATIVE SOCIAL IMPACTDismissive of local people- people habited the area had to be resettle to make a way for new developments like new buildings to accommodate visitors and participants as well as make possible to create the proper infrastructure as a part of preparing to the Olympic Game. This situation intensify differences between poor and rich inha bitants of the city.POSITIVE ECONOMIC IMPACTJob creation-preparation for the Olympic Game generated many melody opportunities for the local as well as for people from other part of the country and world. Apart from increased number of vacancies related directly to the event, many people found a job in travel sector such as hotels, restaurants, tourists attractions as well as employment related to ensure credentials due to unusual flow of visitors.NEGATIVE POLITICAL IMPACTIncertificate-because of the volume of the event, the city might be considered as an excellent opportunity for terrorism groups to organise an assassination where many people could lost they lives .Organisations had to keep particular attention to keep all spectators and participants safe during the games and when moving around the city. According to the Chinese security ministry, protestors planned suicide bomb attacks on some Chinese cities and kidnappings in Beijing to disturb the Olympic Games.5. IDENTIFY ONE INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION germane(predicate) TO ONE OF LISTED EVENTS.GIVE DETAILS OF ITS PURPOSE AND THREE BENEFITS TO ITS MEMBERS.The association relevant to T in the park event may be the Association of events Organisers.Their mission control AEO is the voice of the event organising community. It serves the collective needs and promotes the interests of the event organisers and the industry at large.The purpose of the AEO is the trade body representing companies which conceive, create, develop or manage trade and consumer events. It is run by its members for the benefit of its members through an elected council of representatives, specialist working groups and a fulltime secretariat.Main benefits of becoming a membershipMembers of the AEO benefit from opportunities of which helps them to develop in secernate to overcome challenges and address issues within the industryThe AEO Forums are events which give members a great opportunity for learning different principles related to the da y job, delivered by experts both(prenominal) from within and beyond the events industry.Number of AEO Excellence Awards that reward talent such as the Outstanding Contribution to the Industry, Organiser Team of the Year and Unsung hitman awards.Events such as the CEO Summit, International Dinners and annual AEO Conference provide opportunities for senior directors to meet with like-minded individuals and hear from guest speakers on a prescribe of hot topics, developing markets, technologies and growth strategies.If you are a new member, there is an opportunity for senior directors to be mentored by directors in member organisations you aspire to be like in some way, shape or form.The AEO Talent Working Group was set up to share best practice and find solutions to challenges surround talent management. This may be training and career development, recruitment concerns, improving skills and cross-functional working practices or discussing equality in the workplace. Members have foun d that sharing experiences has been extremely beneficial so far.6. FOUR TRENDS WITHIN THE EVENTS INDUSTRY.Social Medias Social media has made a huge impact on the tourism /events industry. Those industries depend heavily on the use of word-of-mouth to spread opinions and recommendations, and social platforms such as Twitter and Facebook. People eagerly use the social media to find out interesting events and control whats going on in the place of their interest. They also share their personal experiences of particular places they have visited. There was significant growth using TripAdvisor in last decade with 320 million reviews and more than 290 million downloads. Its available in form of website as well as an App and it is bespoke company reaching travellers around the world. (Trip Advisor) In the future with technology evolving all the time, social media will become more popular with travellers when comes to booking holidays.Social medias are applied to all of the above three e vents from the question 2.Growth in Mobile- It is important for tourism and event industries to be up to date with their travellers and event participants in that matters all websites related to the particular event should turn into mobile friendly and start working closer with Social Medias. Nowadays travellers using their mobiles not only to book their trips and events but also may give their recommendation and opinion of the events they took part in. Industries engaged into the new technological tools allow people for a quick access and make it easier to respond each from potential new customers or the existing ones. This trend will help in the future to target different target markets in quick and good way in lowest possible cost.E-meetings and digital collaboration- nowadays people have an access to a wide range of methods which allows us to fast communication. convey to availability of technologicalplatform such asUber ,airBnB ,TaskTabbit and HotelWall companies have possib ility to conduct a meeting and discussed the most important issues of the business without spending long hours in journey .E-meetings and digital communication are the excellent way to keep our planet away of air pollution by reducing carbon emissions.Eco friendly-increasingly popularity in waste separatism and using bio-materials will be beneficial for the industry as events in which participate a large number of people generate huge measuring stick of waste which if not properly segregated cause many harmful results like formation of the huge garbage dumps by the failure to extradite out recycling, higher prices of materials if recycling is not possible ,increase the amount of cutting the threes by the lack of paper for re preparation, minimalize degradation of the landscape.ReferencesHistory (26.01.2017) Retrieved from http//www.history.com/topics/olympic-gamesSafeconcerts (26.01.2017) .Retrieved from http//www.safeconcerts.com/festivals/t-in-the-park/t-in-the-park-history.aspW ikipedia-Olympic Games (28.01.2017) .Retrieved from https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_GamesT in the park (26.01.2017) .Retrieved from https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_in_the_ParkWikipedia-Oktoberfest (28.01.2017 ) Retrieved from http//www.oktoberfest.de/en/Economic impact ( 28.01.2017 ) Retrieved from https//www.researchgate.net/publication/200686460_Economic_impact_studies_of_Beijing_2008_Olympic_GamesEvent trends ( 02.02.2017) .Retrieved from https//lessconversationmoreaction.com/2015/01/14/top-10-sustainable-event-trends-for-2020/Event trends (02.02.2017).Retrieved from http//radar.sustainability.com/annual-trends-report/Association of Events organisers ( 03.02.2017) .Retrieved from http//www.aeo.org.uk/

Transformation of Rev. Arthur Dimmesdale in Hawthornes The Scarlet Let

The Scarlet Letter The Transformation of Rev. Dimmesdale Life is hard, but pass judgment that particular makes it easier. This common phrase clearly states a harsh fact that Rev. Dimmesdale, a character in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, had to face. In this story of deception and fornication set in the Puritan era, Hawthorne introduces Dimmesdale as a weak and poltroon man who refuses to take responsibility for his executes. The Rev. Dimmesdale is a transitional character in that he is, at the beginning of the novel, outward-boundly good but inwardly unavailing and by the end of the novel he becomes both outwardly and inwardly truthful. At the beginning of the novel, Dimmesdale has established quite a reputation for himself. In discussing single(a) members of the magistrate, the towns people describe Dimmesdale as a God fearing gentleman, but merciful overmuch (49). Due to his actions all of the people respect and look up to the Reverend. end-to-end the story, Dimm esdale desperately tries to confess, envying Hester, for her courage, he says, Happy be you Hester, that wear the scarlet letter openly upon your bosom (188) Even at the end of the novel, when finally attempting to confess, people are compelled by his final sermon, raving that never had a man spoken in so wise, so high, and so holy a spirit, as he that spake this day (243). Proving that he was a very loved and influential man in the small town. In further developing Dimmesdales character, Hawthorne portrays him as a hypocrite. His outward demeanor deceives the villagers, appearing as a completely holy man. However, before the action of the novel begins, he stumbles into sin, by committing adultery with Hester Pryn... ...and a character separate than Dimmesdale could not have painted such a vivid, and memorable picture in ones mind. 1. Great thesis statement 2. Your conclusion paragraph should be more than detailed. Restate in just a few sentences the points that you made in y our idea and what conclusions you have drawn from those points. 3. When quoting, the parentheses, which hold the page number, should come after the book of facts marks and the punctuation should come after the parentheses. An example of a correctly cited quote would be A save was broken (251). Instead of a spell was broken (251). 4. Also be careful of run-on sentences. Let your sentences contain scarcely one or two ideas, not three or four. Do not over-use semicolons or colons, use a period instead. Transformation of Rev. Arthur Dimmesdale in Hawthornes The Scarlet LetThe Scarlet Letter The Transformation of Rev. Dimmesdale Life is hard, but accepting that fact makes it easier. This common phrase clearly states a harsh fact that Rev. Dimmesdale, a character in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, had to face. In this story of deception and adultery set in the Puritan era, Hawthorne introduces Dimmesdale as a weak and cowardly man who refuses to take responsib ility for his actions. The Rev. Dimmesdale is a transitional character in that he is, at the beginning of the novel, outwardly good but inwardly deceitful and by the end of the novel he becomes both outwardly and inwardly truthful. At the beginning of the novel, Dimmesdale has established quite a reputation for himself. In discussing individual members of the magistrate, the towns people describe Dimmesdale as a God fearing gentleman, but merciful overmuch (49). Due to his actions all of the people respect and look up to the Reverend. Throughout the story, Dimmesdale desperately tries to confess, envying Hester, for her courage, he says, Happy are you Hester, that wear the scarlet letter openly upon your bosom (188) Even at the end of the novel, when finally attempting to confess, people are compelled by his final sermon, raving that never had a man spoken in so wise, so high, and so holy a spirit, as he that spake this day (243). Proving that he was a very loved and influential ma n in the small town. In further developing Dimmesdales character, Hawthorne portrays him as a hypocrite. His outward demeanor deceives the villagers, appearing as a completely holy man. However, before the action of the novel begins, he stumbles into sin, by committing adultery with Hester Pryn... ...and a character other than Dimmesdale could not have painted such a vivid, and memorable picture in ones mind. 1. Great thesis statement 2. Your conclusion paragraph should be more detailed. Restate in just a few sentences the points that you made in your paper and what conclusions you have drawn from those points. 3. When quoting, the parentheses, which hold the page number, should come after the quotation marks and the punctuation should come after the parentheses. An example of a correctly cited quote would be A spell was broken (251). Instead of a spell was broken (251). 4. Also be careful of run-on sentences. Let your sentences contain only one or two ideas, not three or four. Do not over-use semicolons or colons, use a period instead.

Slow Food Essay -- Nutrition

The trend of the Slow Food Movement has existed since the 1970s but has recently been thrusted into the fore front of prominent world issues as the cause and remedy of environmental challenges, local economic circumstances, and the complexities with social norms. The Slow Food Movement can be considered a counter-trend to Fast food. It was created in answer to the augmentation of fast food a culture, the diminishment of people caring where the food comes from, and the diminishment of local food traditions. After a close examination of these factors, a prediction is make of the future trends of Slow Food Movement, and how the Slow Movement concept will evolve to become a part of everyday life.The Oxford American Dictionary defines trends as a general tendency or inclination, the general direction in which something tends to move (1999) A trend analysis is defined as an examination of a trend to identify its nature, causes, speed of development, and potential impacts (Cornish, 2001, p.78). Trends at times arise as a response to other trends. The same deduction can be made about food trends. For example when the Atkins diet was popular, retailers responded with low boodle food options. In 2006, Burger King offered bunless burgers wrapped in lettuce, to appeal to the dieters embracing a low, or no carbohydrate lifestyle. Additional fast food restaurants including Arbys, Hardees, Carls Junior, and Subway followed suit with bunless options. While the trend of no or low carbohydrate diets have diminished the low carbohydrate options continue to be available upon request. The trend illustrates the affects trends have on each other. The Slow Food Movement has alike roots of establishment. The Slow Food Movement can be... ...ustrys Parade toward Low-Carb Menu Items. . Knight Ridder Tribune Business News 1(1), Retrieved Jun. 10, 2011, from from ProQuest Newsstand. (Document ID 524271311). Schneider, S. (2008). Good, Clean, Fair The Rhetoric of the Slow Food Movement . College English, 70 (4), pp. 384-402. Slow Food International. 1989. Slow Food Manifesto Retrieved from http//www.slowfood.com/international/2/our-philosophyTrend n. & v. The Oxford American Dictionary of Current English. Oxford University Press, 1999. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. August 2011 US department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. 2008. U.S. Fertilizer Use and Price. Data set. Available atWeb site http//www.ers.usda.gov/Data/FertilizerUse/ (accessed 11 June 2011).